Somalia: London Conference, Final Communiqué
25 February 2012
Document
A viable political process emerged as the key objective of the London
Conference on Somalia. ( Resource:
<
http://allafrica.com/view/resource/main/main/id/00030717.html> World
Leaders Pledge Help For Somalia
Introduction
1. The London Conference on Somalia took place at Lancaster House on 23rd
February 2012, attended by fifty-five delegations from Somalia and the
international community.
2. We met at a key moment in Somalia's history. Somalia is emerging from the
worst humanitarian crisis in the world. African and Somali troops have
pushed Al Shabaab out of Mogadishu and other areas. The transitional
institutions come to an end in August 2012, and the people of Somalia want
clarity on what will follow. The situation remains precarious, and in urgent
need of support from the international community.
3. Decisions on Somalia's future rest with the Somali people. The Somali
political leadership must be accountable to the people. The international
community's role is to facilitate Somalia's progress and development: our
strength is in unity and coordinated support to Somalia. We noted the
importance of listening to and working with Somalis inside and outside
Somalia, and welcomed their engagement in the run-up to this Conference.
4. The Conference focussed on the underlying causes of instability, as well
as the symptoms (famine, refugees, piracy, and terrorism). We, the
international community, agreed: to inject new momentum into the political
process; to strengthen AMISOM and help Somalia develop its own security
forces; to help build stability at local level; and to step up action to
tackle pirates and terrorists.
Political
5. We agreed that the Transitional Federal Institutions' mandate ends in
August 2012. There must be no further extensions. We welcomed the agreements
that chart the way towards more representative government: the Transitional
Federal Charter, the Djibouti Agreement, the Kampala Accord, and the
Roadmap. We welcomed the progress represented by the Garowe Principles,
endorsed the priority of convening a Constituent Assembly, and emphasised
that the Assembly must be representative of the views of the Somali people
of all regions and constituencies, and that women must be part of the
political process. In line with Garowe II, we agreed to incentivise progress
and act against spoilers to the peace process, and that we would consider
proposals in this regard before the Istanbul Conference in June.
6. The Conference recognised the need for the international community to
support any dialogue that Somaliland and the TFG or its replacement may
agree to establish in order to clarify their future relations.
7. We condemned terrorism and violent extremism, whether perpetrated by
Somalis or foreigners. We called on all those willing to reject violence to
join the Djibouti peace process. We agreed to develop a defectors' programme
to support those who leave armed groups.
8. We emphasised the urgency of Somalia funding its own public services, and
using its assets for the benefit of the people, as well as tackling
corruption. We welcomed the progress that has been made in establishing a
Joint Financial Management Board to increase transparency and accountability
in the collection and efficient use of public revenues, as well as
international development aid, and which will help strengthen Somali public
financial management institutions. A declaration by the initial members of
the JFMB is at Annex A.
9. Respect for human rights must be at the heart of the peace process. We
called for action to address in particular the grave human rights violations
and abuses that women and children face. We emphasised that journalists must
be able to operate freely and without fear. Civilians must be protected. We
called on the Somali authorities to take measures to uphold human rights and
end the culture of impunity. We agreed to step up international efforts
including through the UN human rights architecture.
Security and Justice
10. We agreed that security and justice were essential both to a successful
political process and to development. Better security could only be achieved
sustainably in parallel with better justice and the rule of law.
11. We expressed gratitude to those countries whose troops had served as
peacekeepers and paid tribute to the achievements and sacrifices of AMISOM
and other forces. We welcomed joint planning by the UN and African Union and
reiterated the importance of effective command and control. We welcomed the
adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 2036, which expands AMISOM's
mandate and raises the troop ceiling. We encouraged AMISOM to ensure the
protection of civilians. We encouraged partners, especially new donors, to
contribute to funding for AMISOM, including through the EU.
12. We agreed that, over time, Somalis should take over responsibility for
providing their own security and develop their own justice systems to deal
with the threats to their security and improve access to justice. We noted
that Somalis themselves must decide what security and justice arrangements
they need.
13. We acknowledged the good work underway in supporting the Somali security
and justice sectors. We agreed that we would build an international
framework of partners in order to bring much needed coordination and focus
to those efforts, underpinned by a set of principles at annex B, and working
closely with the UN's Joint Security Committee.
Piracy
14. We reiterated our determination to eradicate piracy, noting that the
problem requires a comprehensive approach on land as well as at sea. We
expressed our concern that hostages in Somalia are being held longer and
with more use of violence. We welcomed the work of the Contact Group on
Piracy off the Coast of Somalia. We also welcomed the success of
international military efforts, and remain committed to such efforts with
robust rules of engagement and sufficient force generation. We agreed that
piracy cannot be solved by military means alone, and reiterated the
importance of supporting communities to tackle the underlying causes of
piracy, and improving the effective use of Somali coastal waters through
regional maritime capacity-building measures. We welcomed those initiatives
underway and agreed to coordinate and support such initiatives better. We
called for full implementation of the Djibouti Code of Conduct and the
adoption of an Exclusive Economic Zone. We look forward to reviewing
progress including at the Piracy Conference in the UAE in June.
15. We welcomed the efforts of partners in industry against piracy, and
called for greater take-up of Best Management Practice on ships. We welcomed
current work on international guidance on the use of private armed security
companies.
16. There will be no impunity for piracy. We called for greater development
of judicial capacity to prosecute and detain those behind piracy both in
Somalia and in the wider region and recognised the need to strengthen
capacity in regional states. We welcomed new arrangements, which enable some
states and naval operations to transfer suspected pirates captured at sea
for trial by partners across the Indian Ocean region, and if convicted, to
transfer them to prisons in Puntland and Somaliland which meet international
standards. We noted the intention to consider further the possibility of
creating courts in Somalia specialised in dealing with piracy.
17. We reiterated our determination to prosecute the kingpins of piracy.
Recognising work already undertaken, we agreed to enhance coordination on
illegal financial flows and to coordinate intelligence gathering and
investigations. We noted the establishment of a Regional Anti-Piracy
Prosecutions Intelligence Coordination Centre in the Seychelles.
Terrorism
18. Terrorism poses a serious threat to security in Somalia itself, to the
region, and internationally. It has inflicted great suffering on the Somali
population. We agreed to work together with greater determination, and with
full respect for the rule of law, human rights, and international
humanitarian law, to build capacity to disrupt terrorism in the region, and
to address the root causes of terrorism. We agreed on the importance of
disrupting terrorists' travel to and from Somalia, and on the importance of
disrupting terrorist finances, and called on countries in the region to
implement the Financial Action Task Force's recommendations on combating
money laundering and the financing of terrorism. We noted that effective
intelligence gathering and investigation, and support to the Somali criminal
justice system, were critical to the fight against terrorism. We agreed to
work with the Global Counter Terrorism Forum and other international and
regional bodies to deliver this important work.
Stability and Recovery
19. We welcomed the success in some areas of Somalia in establishing local
areas of stability, and agreed to increase support to build legitimate and
peaceful authorities, and improve services to people living in these areas.
We acknowledged the importance of creating the conditions inside Somalia for
durable solutions for the displaced, that respect international laws. We
agreed that such efforts should promote local and regional cohesion, and
converge with the national political process.
20. We considered the implementation of the Mogadishu Recovery and
Stabilisation Plan important. We agreed to expand programmes to
newly-recovered areas. We would focus support on enabling the delivery of
immediate and sustainable benefits to ordinary Somali people: safety and
security, economic opportunities and basic services. We would promote
effective and accountable local administrations, and support the resolution
of disputes.
21. We agreed that all support to local areas of stability should be in
accordance with the New Deal for engagement in fragile states recently
adopted in Busan, and build on the stabilisation strategies prepared by both
IGAD and the Transitional Federal Government. We endorsed a set of
principles to guide international support to local areas of stability in
Somalia (Annex C). We agreed to continue funding local stability through
existing programmes, and noted the establishment of a new Stability Fund to
which a number of us will contribute[1].
22. We agreed that Somalia's long-term reconstruction and economic
development depended on a vibrant private sector, and that both aid and
diaspora finance could develop Somalia's considerable potential in
livestock, fisheries and other sectors. We noted that stability was a
prerequisite for most sustainable investments in infrastructure such as
electricity, roads and water systems. We looked forward to further
discussion on all these issues at the Istanbul Conference.
Humanitarian
23. The Conference was preceded by a separate meeting on humanitarian issues
co-chaired by the United Nations and the United Arab Emirates.
Notwithstanding the end of the famine, participants expressed concern at the
ongoing humanitarian crisis, and committed to providing humanitarian aid
based solely on need. They agreed a set of conclusions on humanitarian
issues and linking relief with longer-term recovery (set out in a separate
document).
International coordination
24. We agreed to carry forward work agreed at London through the
International Contact Group on Somalia (ICG), and welcomed the ICG's
decision in Djibouti to look at restructuring to become more effective. We
recommended that the ICG establish working groups on the political process,
security and justice, and stability and development. We noted that, within
the ICG, a core group of engaged countries would drive progress in support
of UN, AU and IGAD efforts.
25. We welcomed the efforts of the Special Representative of the
Secretary-General and the United Nations Political Office for Somalia
(UNPOS) in facilitating progress in Somalia. We also welcomed the role of
IGAD and the African Union, and the support of the League of Arab States,
the European Union, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. We
encouraged effective coordination between UN entities working on Somalia.
While recognising the still challenging security situation in Somalia, we
welcomed UNPOS' relocation to Mogadishu and agreed that we would aim to
spend more time on the ground in Somalia in order to work more closely with
Somalis on the challenging tasks ahead.
Conclusion
26. We expressed the hope that a new era of Somali politics, supported by
the international community, will bring peace to Somalia. We are determined
to place the interests of the Somali people at the heart of all our actions.
We looked forward to the day when the situation in Somalia would have made
sufficient progress for an international conference to be held there. In the
meantime, we will redouble our efforts to support the people of Somalia in
their search for a better future for their country.
Relevant Links
* <
http://allafrica.com/stories/201202240085.html> UN Approves Troop
Boost for War Against Al-Shabaab
* London Conference Focuses on Security
<
http://allafrica.com/stories/201202231137.html>
* <
http://allafrica.com/stories/201202230616.html> Somalis Hopeful of
London Meeting Despite Media Scepticism
* Kibaki Wants Resolute Somalia Action
<
http://allafrica.com/stories/201202231450.html>
<
http://allafrica.com/stories/201202231383.html> Citizens Can Build Better
Future With Global Help, Ban Tells London Meeting
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Received on Sat Feb 25 2012 - 18:14:32 EST
