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From: Biniam Tekle (biniamt@dehai.org)
Date: Mon Nov 22 2010 - 12:26:20 EST
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704804504575606580971555998.html
Green-Card Lottery Record
15 Million Seek to Enter U.S. Through Program That Leaves It to
Chance.Article Video Comments (68) more in US ».
By MIRIAM JORDAN
A record 15 million people around the world this year entered
America's green-card lottery, an immigration program that offers a
quick path to legal, permanent U.S. residence for 50,000 people a
year—selected purely by the luck of the draw.
The so-called "diversity visa program" lottery drew nearly 25% more
entries than last year, according to the State Department. The limit
of 50,000 green-card recipients through the program was established
years ago by Congress. Some lawmakers are now calling for an end to
the program.
The annual lottery creates a buzz across the developing world.
Applicants from Kenya to Khazakstan brave lines at Internet kiosks to
fill out electronic entries. In the final hours of the month-long
enrollment period, which this year closed Nov. 3, entries were rolling
in at the rate of 62,000 an hour.
Recent winners already in the U.S. include cab drivers, professional
athletes, Internet entrepreneurs and military personnel.
"I would never have started a company that created value in the United
States if I hadn't won the lottery," said Adam Gries, a 29-year-old
Israeli who runs an Internet start-up in San Francisco. "I would be
creating companies in Israel."
Critics say the program poses security risks, lures uneducated
immigrants and enables individuals with no connection to the U.S. to
get into the country more quickly than those sponsored by relatives
and employers.
"More and more people are learning about this program and are
dumbfounded that we have it in the first place," said Rep. Bob
Goodlatte (R., Va.), who has introduced legislation to abolish it.
"Our chances have never been better to kill it," he added, following
his party's successes in the midterm elections and amid high
unemployment in the U.S.
Launched in 1990 to promote diversity in the immigrant population, the
green-card lottery is now open to people from almost anywhere in the
world, except countries that already boast a large number of nationals
in the U.S., including Mexico, China, India and the Philippines. No
special skills are required: A high-school diploma suffices. Lottery
winners eventually qualify for U.S. citizenship.
The number of entries has been rising each year. This year's total is
more than 2.5 times greater than five years ago, when the lottery
attracted 5.5 million entries. Immigration scholars say possible
reasons include the spread of Internet connectivity and increased
awareness of the lottery, which costs nothing to enter.
"There is no faster way to get a green card to come to the United
States," said Mark Jacobsen, an immigration lawyer. "The American
dream is held out as a torch to the entire world."
In Africa and Asia, banners advertising the lottery festoon remote
villages and teeming city alleys, where Internet cafes do brisk
business helping applicants fill out entry forms, which must be
completed online.
In flood-prone Bangladesh, "it seems everyone in the country knows
about it," said Sandra Ingram, consular chief in Dhaka, who holds news
conferences during lottery season.
After an electronic draw, about 100,000 applicants will be notified in
May—twice as many as ultimately will be eligible to move to the
U.S.—to undergo interviews, background checks and medical exams.
There is no cap on how many times the same person can enter the
lottery—but no country can represent more than 7% of the total visas
issued in a given year. For the fiscal year ended Sept. 30, 2009,
nationals from Ethiopia, Egypt and Nigeria were the top recipients.
This year, Bangladesh and Nigeria supplied the most entries.
Five years since arriving as a single man in San Diego, lottery winner
Tsegaye Kedir of Ethiopia is married and a U.S. citizen preparing to
attend college.
"I came because the U.S. has big opportunity for work, to get an
education and to live a better life than in my country," said the
29-year-old, who drives a taxi.
Zoltan Mesko, a rookie punter with the New England Patriots, came to
the U.S. from Romania thanks to the program, after his family won a
spot in the lottery when he was a child. Hundreds of winners have gone
on to enlist in the U.S. armed forces.
Although the program accounts for a small percentage of the million or
so legal immigrants who enter the U.S. each year, critics say it
diverts scarce State Department resources from processing more
important visa categories.
"It shows that the U.S. immigration system doesn't make sense," said
Bernard Wolfsdorf, an immigration attorney. "We are allocating visas
based on luck instead of knowledge."
Rep. Goodlatte of Virginia and others also voice concern that the
program is inviting to terrorists, because people don't need to prove
they have ties to the U.S. and are guaranteed permanent residency,
which allows them to get almost any job—even handling explosives.
Hesham Mohammed Ali Hedayet, an Egyptian who killed two people at an
El Al airline counter in Los Angeles in 2002, was able to remain in
the U.S. after overstaying his visitor's visa because his wife won the
green-card lottery.
The State Department said those who get in through the lottery are
subjected to the same stringent security review as other visa
applicants.
Margaret Stock, a retired West Point professor who studies immigration
and defense, said terrorists wouldn't be stopped by abolishing the
program. "The DV lottery is not any more susceptible to terrorism than
other visa programs," Lt. Col. Stock said.
Egyptian-born Mohammed Atta, one of the hijackers in the Sept. 11,
2001 terrorist attacks, entered the green-card lottery at least once,
according to documents reviewed by The Wall Street Journal. He never
won a spot in the lottery, and eventually came to the U.S. on a
business-visitor visa instead.
Fraud is another challenge. The fervor for a shot at the American
Dream prompted one Bangladeshi man to submit 2,800 entries, the State
Department said; just one entry per year is allowed. Fake marriages,
between a winner and a stranger, are common, too.
But if an entrant is disqualified one year, he or she can still enter
the next year.
"All is forgiven, it's a new lottery," said one U.S. official.