South Sudanese find peace in Ethiopia as rains near and war continues
Shelters are running out, medicine is in short supply and the rainy season
threatens refugees arriving in Gambella
* William Davison <
http://www.theguardian.com/profile/william-davison>
in Gambella
*
* theguardian.com <
http://www.theguardian.com/> , Friday 18 April 2014
07.00 BST
It wasn't heavy fighting that made Nyarout Chuol leave
<
http://www.theguardian.com/world/south-sudan> South Sudan with her five
children more than a month ago.
Her home in the far east of Upper Nile state has been a relatively peaceful
rebel stronghold since ethnic Nuer people rejected President Salva Kiir's
government in December. But the men in Maiwut County have joined the war,
Chuol says, leaving their families to fend for themselves.
"There was no food and water in the village. Most of the women with
children, they came to the camp," she says, sitting amid a large huddle at
Kule refugee camp in Gambella, <
http://www.theguardian.com/world/ethiopia>
Ethiopia, with women and children from six families. "It's better here. I
don't like where I came from."
Chuol, 30, is part of an exodus that has led
<
http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/mar/24/humanitarian-cris
is-refugees-south-sudan-ethiopia> more than 90,000 South Sudanese to
Gambella over the past four months – 95% of them women and children, and 70%
of them children, according to the International Organisation for
<
http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/migration> Migration.
The
<
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/11/south-sudan-massacres-dinka-nu
er> civil conflict in South Sudan started after rivalry between Kiir and his
former deputy Riek Machar, a Nuer, spilled over into fighting between
soldiers. An uprising by the Nuer followed in the states of Upper Nile,
Jonglei and Unity. The Nuer accused Kiir's security forces from the Dinka
group of ethnically targeted killing. Thousands of people have died and more
than a million have been displaced in the clashes. Aid agencies are warning
of an impending humanitarian crisis.
At Kule, 50km (31 miles) from Pagak, where arrivals have to register,
Ethiopia's government and partners administer, treat, feed and organise
shelter for more than 33,000 <
http://www.theguardian.com/world/refugees>
refugees.
On one side of a main access road, oil, salt, sugar, rice and peas from the
World Food Programme (WFP) are stacked in a white tent. Mothers emerge from
another tent with medical cards from a feeding programme run by
<
http://www.goal.ie/> Goal, the Irish humanitarian charity.
Opposite are patches of bare earth, vacated by refugees who moved a few
hundred metres to higher ground after rain created puddles and mud, says
Abdulkerim Delile, clinical team leader at Kule for the Administration for
Refugee and Returnee Affairs. Gambella's regional government chose the
"temporary" locations while permanent sites were cleared and shelters built.
Kule's population has almost reached its capacity of 40,000, so a new site a
few kilometres away has been identified to accommodate refugees, who are
arriving at a rate of more than 1,000 a day according to Delile.
The United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and the government initially
didn't realise the new camps would flood, says UNHCR's Ethiopia
representative Moses Okello. Refugees have also started moving to more
elevated land at Leitchor and extra sites above floodplains are being made
available near both camps, he says. "We will be able to deal with this
situation. The idea here is to be ahead of any influx that would come," he
says. "I don't see us getting stuck with people in water-clogged locations."
The onset of the rainy season, which lasts from June until October, will
also create a critical problem within South Sudan, as it makes half the
country inaccessible by road, says Valerie Guarnieri, WFP's regional
director for east and central <
http://www.theguardian.com/world/africa>
Africa.
Due to "security concerns", the government in Juba only recently granted
permission for WFP to transport food into South Sudan from Ethiopia by plane
and truck. "Insecurity, border restrictions and other barriers to
humanitarian access are causing serious problems for WFP moving food and
staff into and around South Sudan," says Guarnieri.
Aid agencies have so far received $479m (£285m) for South Sudan,
significantly less than the $1.27bn the UN said was needed in February.
Emergencies in places such as Syria and the Central African Republic are
already testing donors' stretched budgets.
"There is a growing gap between the humanitarian needs created by a series
of protracted crises and the resources available," says Guarnieri, adding
that donors recently took an "important step" by making fresh pledges and
commitments.
Many children arrive at Kule severely malnourished after their families have
walked for weeks to escape areas such as Malakal, the devastated capital of
Upper Nile. Machar's rebel fighters are understood to be planning a fresh
assault on the city, as well as on key strategic locations in the Upper
Nile's oil fields. Despite their current hardship, Chuol and her friends,
like many other Nuer women, say they support the "freedom fighters".
The volatile situation makes it impossible to predict inflows with
confidence, says Jordan Davidoff, an emergency coordinator for Médecins Sans
Frontières (MSF). "It's about the unpredictability of populations and
conflict and the way people respond en masse to different things like rain,"
he says,adding that the situation is "as bad as any" crisis and "it's not
clear when it will stabilise".
There are also many logistical complications. Gambella is already home to a
number of Nuer people, many of whom have come east over the past 60 years
looking for pasture for their cattle, or as refugees. Infiltration of the
camps by Ethiopian Nuer seeking food and cooking utensils is a serious
problem, says one visiting charity boss.
Another issue is the lack of intensive medical care at Kule. MSF runs an
emergency clinic, but it's 9km from the camp, at the town of Itang, and
children have died because of delays in getting treatment. If the facility
was in Kule, critical patients wouldn't need to be transported and health
workers could seek out serious cases. Cumbersome procedures at Ethiopian
customs delay vital supplies, according to one worker.
At Kule, children entertain themselves by pulling toy lorries made from tin
cans, blowing up balloons from condoms, or improvising a pool table using
sticks for cues and fig cases for balls. The site is dotted with water
points and pit latrines; queues are mostly short. Many families are cooking
on open fires outside their tents.
The major complaint for Chuol and the other young mothers is shelter – they
have one large tent between the six families. "We are facing so many
challenges," says Chuol as she swaddles a baby to her stomach. "If one child
has a disease, it will contaminate the whole tent."
Received on Fri Apr 18 2014 - 18:30:13 EDT