Date: Wed, 24 Dec 2014 16:35:04 +0100
<http://stesfamariam.com/2014/12/20/ethiopia-selling-children-the-regimes-lu
crative-industry/> ETHIOPIA: Selling Children- The Regime's Lucrative
Industry
By <http://stesfamariam.com/author/sophietm7/> Sophietm7
Posted on
<http://stesfamariam.com/2014/12/20/ethiopia-selling-children-the-regimes-lu
crative-industry/> December 21, 2014
Watch it:
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3mwbxGur3o>
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3mwbxGur3o
A few years ago, on a flight from Frankfurt, I sat on the same row with a
family who captured everyone's attention because of the children they were
carrying and holding. There were three, the two older children looked like
they could be 7-10 year olds, and the third was a toddler-maybe have been
2-3 years old. They stood out, not because the parents were Caucasian, but
because the young toddler cried throughout the entire 8 hour trip. If she
fell asleep, we could still hear her sleepy weeps. Why was she crying so
uncontrollably? Was she in pain, was she sick? Was it her ears adjusting to
the air pressure.what was wrong? And then it came, she screamed,
emaye.emaye . emaye, she was crying for her mother.
My suspicions were allayed when the older siblings spoke to each other and
the toddler in Amharic, the Ethiopian language. So they were Ethiopian. The
couple took turns walking the child up and down the aisles, to no avail. The
older siblings held her and tried to calm her down, but nothing worked. When
we got ready to disembark in Washington, DC, the couple put on T-Shirts on
all the children and themselves, can't remember what was, but it was a name
of some church. How did the couple end up with three children who seemed to
be siblings? What happened to their real parents.where were they taking
them? To this day, I can still remember the tear drenched face of that
toddler.her eyes swollen and her body shaking with each sob. Wonder what
became of her.where did she end up? What about her siblings?
It was Dan Rather's expose on the plight of Ethiopia's children who are
brought into the United States through various adoption schemes that
reminded me of the three Ethiopian children on that flight. Rather hosted an
in-depth show on AXS TV called "Unwanted Children-The Shameful Side of
International Adoption" offering a glimpse into Ethiopian adoptions, and the
children who have been "re-homed," moved to new adoptive families with
little oversight, assistance, or regulation. Some of these children are
presented on the internet and nobody knows where they eventually will end
up. It is heartbreaking to see how these children who were sold to adoptive
parents in the United States, supposedly to have opportunities for a better
life than what they had in Ethiopia, only to now find themselves on the
streets- homeless and alone.
<https://sophietm7.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/hanas-family-in-ethiopia.jpg>
Hana with her family in Ethiopia
The sad story of Hana Williams, an adopted child from Ethiopia who was found
dead on 12 May 2011, in the backyard of the family home about 60 miles north
of Seattle is another adoption story gone wrong.again, the child was from
Ethiopia. Larry and Carri Williams of Sedro-Woolley, Washington were found
guilty of neglecting, abusing, and ultimately killing 13-year-old Hana
Williams. According to the news report
<http://stesfamariam.com/2014/12/20/ethiopia-selling-children-the-regimes-lu
crative-industry/#_edn1> [1], the couple left Hana to die from "hypothermia
and starvation" in their backyard. Hana's step-brother Immanuel testified he
and Hana were "beaten with sticks, hosed down, forced to eat frozen food and
locked in closets". Was Hana better off in the United States than in
Ethiopia, as some who support international adoptions claim?
This is not the first time that the Ethiopian adoptions have made the
headlines, there have been several reports in the past, but Ethiopia being a
"staunch ally" of the United States, the crimes against Ethiopia's children
committed by their own government have been shoved under the rug. Early
warnings by some about irregularities in Ethiopia's booming adoption
industry were ignored, or downplayed. The Associated Press reporter Andrew
Mitchell wrote in his 26 December 2004 article "Ethiopia's Latest Export:
Adoptable Children"
<http://stesfamariam.com/2014/12/20/ethiopia-selling-children-the-regimes-lu
crative-industry/#_edn2> [2] about the sudden boom in Ethiopian adoptions.
He wrote:
".The country of 70 million has more than 5 million orphans, their parents
lost to famine, disease, war and AIDS - a catastrophe that the government
has said is "tearing apart the social fabric" of the east African
nation.Caring for the orphans costs $115 million a month in a country whose
annual health budget is only $140 million.So Ethiopia has gone out of its
way to make adoption easier."
The regime which receives millions in budgetary support and aid has decided
that it is easier to sell Ethiopia's children than to find ways to care for
them in their own country and with their own families. The mainstream media
and Ethiopia's handlers speak of Ethiopia "achieving middle income status",
"Ethiopia has registered impressive economic growth" and Ethiopia remains
the highest recipient of foreign development and humanitarian assistance in
Africa, yet there is not enough in the regime's coffers to take care of its
orphaned children.
Dereje Feyissa Dori, the Africa research director at the International Law
and Policy Institute, a research fellow of the Alexander Von Humboldt
Foundation and adjunct associate professor at the College of Law and
Governance, Addis Ababa University writing for the Guardian on 22 October
2014 said:
".Changes are equally visible in trade and investment. Exports have
diversified and the country has become a major shipper of oil seeds,
flowers, gold and, increasingly, textiles and leather products. This has
been enabled by a steady growth in foreign investment, particularly into
floriculture and manufacturing. It is indeed astonishing to see Ethiopia
fast becoming a popular destination for global giants such as Chinese
shoemaker Huajian and H&M, the world's second-biggest clothing retailer."
Dereje Feyissa Dori forgot to mention that adoption of Ethiopia's orphans is
the fastest growing sector of the Ethiopian economy. In TPLF's Ethiopia, one
in eight children die before their fifth birthday and over 150,000 children
live on the streets. Out of the five million orphaned children, about
800,000 were orphaned by HIV/AIDS. There are 1.5 million people in Ethiopia
that are infected with HIV (sixth highest country in the world). A look at
Ethiopia's booming adoption economy finds the government of Ethiopia at its
center-from ownership of the mushrooming orphanages and adoption agencies,
the minority regime has no qualms about selling of Ethiopia's children.
Encourage Africa
<http://stesfamariam.com/2014/12/20/ethiopia-selling-children-the-regimes-lu
crative-industry/#_edn3> [3] says that Ethiopia counts one of the largest
populations of orphans in the world. Of the 143 million orphans worldwide,
more live in Ethiopia than any other country in the world. That is the same
number of children under age 18 who reside in Massachusetts, New York State,
and Washington DC combined. A 10 January 2005 IRIN post, "ETHIOPIA: Coping
with increasing orphan numbers through adoption" said:
".The rising number of orphans has, however, raised the demand for adoptions
to a record high. Some 1,400 children made new homes abroad last year, more
than double from the previous year.Adoption agencies also doubled to 30 in
the capital Addis Ababa in the last year, a highly lucrative market with
some agencies charging parents fees of up to US $20,000 per child."
Bulti Gutema, the Ethiopian government official in charge of adoptions
seemed to be justifying the selling of Ethiopia's children. He tells IRIN:
".We would prefer these children to remain in Ethiopia because it is their
country.Adoption is the last resort because it doesn't help alleviate
poverty in Ethiopia.We can't afford to look after every orphan .That is why
adoption is one of our existing alternative child-care programmes, although
it really solves the problems of just a few children."
Did he call it alternative child care?
I suppose that explains why Ethiopia's leaders, including Meles Zenawi
<http://stesfamariam.com/2014/12/20/ethiopia-selling-children-the-regimes-lu
crative-industry/#_edn4> [4] were elated that Ethiopia's children were being
adopted by foreigners.Since the regime is unable or unwilling to take care
of its own citizens, why not let other do the caring, especially if the
regime can make money-hard currency- out of the deals.
A Pulitzer Center
<http://stesfamariam.com/2014/12/20/ethiopia-selling-children-the-regimes-lu
crative-industry/#_edn5> [5] report "Casualties of Ethiopia's Adoption Boom"
said:
".Over the past several years, Ethiopia has rapidly become one of the top
"sending countries" in international adoption: the number of children sent
abroad has recently grown from a few hundred to several thousand annually.
In the context of a global decline in international adoptions-which
plummeted from a 2004 peak of 23,000 adoptions to the U.S. to under 12,000
in 2010-Ethiopia's exponential growth has earned it the label of the
adoption world's "New China"."
There would be no problem if the welfare of the Ethiopian children was at
the root of this boom. Recent investigative reports have shown not just the
boom in adoptions, but also of corruption which at its center were
Ethiopia's helpless children, used as dispensable commodity, by unscrupulous
adoption agents, with a complicit government.
The Pulitzer report said Ethiopia's adoption industry was wrought with:
".widespread irregularities in the paperwork of children adopted out to the
U.S. and Europe-sometimes misrepresenting living parents as dead;
allegations of fraud or agencies coercing birth families into relinquishing
their children; and stories of harassment campaigns against those who
question the booming adoption trade, known for bringing significant foreign
money into the country through a variety of channels."
Hence the reluctance of the regime in Ethiopia to bring an end to this
lucrative industry.
But how lucrative can the business of selling helpless babies be?
Frank Ligtvoet in his 7 March 2014 article, "A Calculation: The 'Orphan
Crisis' in Ethiopia" wrote the following:
".Americans adopt about 2,000 children annually from Ethiopia. If we
calculate the median costs for each adoption at $46,000 (Adoptive Families,
Winter 2014), then we have a total of $92,000,000. Money talks, and money
talks in many languages. In Ethiopia 78 percent of the population struggles
with an income below $2 a day. So a bribe of $1,000 is a year's income for
many poor Ethiopians. If the adoption industry is not carefully regulated it
will result in more adoption coercion, baby stealing, child trafficking and
corruption."
Some astute Ethiopians say the regime's adoption scheme is tantamount to "a
legally sanctioned export scheme of Ethiopian children to generate needed
foreign exchange". A lucrative enterprise wherein the purchase price,
brokerage fees, legal and other fees, all bring the regime much needed
foreign currency.
Kathryn Joyce, in her article "Ethiopia, Evangelicals and the Fake Orphan
Racket", wrote:
".The boom [Adoption} had brought substantial revenue into the country, as
agencies and adoptive parents supported newly-established orphanages that
became an attractive child care option for poor families; some agencies paid
fees to "child finders" locating adoptable children; and the influx of
Western adoption tourism brought money that trickled down to hotels,
restaurants, taxi-drivers and other service industries."
The Brandeis University Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism
(SIIJ)reported
<http://stesfamariam.com/2014/12/20/ethiopia-selling-children-the-regimes-lu
crative-industry/#_edn6> [6] the following:
".From 2002 through 2013, Americans adopted more than 14,000 Ethiopian-born
children. In the beginning, according to officials at the U.S. Embassy in
Addis Ababa, those were humanitarian efforts, carefully overseen by the
Ethiopian government, resulting in some needy children finding desperately
needed new families.But by 2010, numbers had escalated from 105 adoptions a
year to 2,511, an astounding increase in a short period of time. Some
adoptive parents in North America and Europe were reporting that when their
newly adopted children would learn English, they would explain that
everything in their paperwork was a lie: They did indeed have families back
in Ethiopia and expected to return there."
On the number of adoption agencies in Ethiopia, the SIIJ report stated the
following:
".the number of applications to adopt from Ethiopia-and the number of
American adoption agencies working in the country-were expanding
"exponentially," with eight times as many agencies working in country than
had been there in 2000, for a total of 24.By July 2008, the Embassy wrote,
more than 70 licensed agencies were referring Ethiopian children for
adoption, 24 of them American. There had been only three licensed agencies
in 2000.The U.S. has no legal or regulatory control over what happens inside
Ethiopia, or any other foreign nation, and zero legal authority over local
child or family welfare services or orphanages. All that was the
responsibility of the Ethiopian government."
Ethiopia's orphaned children have been dispersed involuntarily from their
own countries, by their own government. Thousands have been sold, and
millions await their fate.
Kathryn Joyce adds that the increase in Ethiopian adoptions has "has been so
rapid - and, for some, so lucrative - that some locals have said adoption
was "becoming the new export industry for our country." Misrepresenting
living parents as dead, agencies coercing birth families into relinquishing
their children, harassment campaigns against those who question the booming
adoption trade have been cited by many researchers. Adoption researchers
have found cases of "child harvesting," or unethical recruitment of
children, as well as fraudulent paperwork in Ethiopia's adoption economy.
Kathryn Jones in "How Ethiopia's Adoption Industry Dupes Families and
Bullies Activists"
<http://stesfamariam.com/2014/12/20/ethiopia-selling-children-the-regimes-lu
crative-industry/#_edn7> [7] says adoption searchers who have been trying to
determine whether an adopted child is a "manufactured orphan," have faced
intense intimidation in Ethiopia.
E.J. Graff, a senior fellow at the Schuster Institute for Investigative
Journalism at Brandeis University, an award-winning journalist and author
wrote in his extensive 14 November 2014 report, " They Steal Babies, Don't
They"
<http://stesfamariam.com/2014/12/20/ethiopia-selling-children-the-regimes-lu
crative-industry/#_edn8> [8] that in Ethiopia:
".humanitarian adoptions metastasized into a mini-industry shot through with
fraud, becoming a source of income for unscrupulous orphanages, government
officials, and shady operators . in the case of inter-country adoptions, far
too often, orphans were "produced" by unscrupulous middlemen who would
persuade desperately poor, uneducated, often illiterate villagers whose
culture had no concept of permanently severing biological ties to send their
children away-saying that wealthy Westerners would educate their children
and send them home at age 18 .Another fraud indicator was that roughly half
of Ethiopian adoptions were coming from a single province: SNNPR, or
Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, the capital of which
is Awassa. That suggested a regular production chain, with officials
colluding with orphanages to "find" children available to exchange for
cash."
The SNNPR borders Kenya to the south (including a small part of Lake
Turkana), the Ilemi Triangle (a region claimed by Kenya and South Sudan) to
the southwest, South Sudan to the west, the Ethiopian region of Gambela to
the northwest, and the Ethiopian region of Oromia to the north and east.
>From 2001-2006, at the height of the adoption boom, Hailemariam Desalegn,
now Prime Minister of Ethiopia, served as the president of the SNNPR. Wonder
how many of the fraudulent adoption agencies and orphanages that have sprung
up in TPLFs Ethiopia belong to the regime, its cadres and families?
Ethiopians should investigate these agencies and their links to the TPLF and
its surrogates.
>From the minority regime's leadership to US Embassy officials, to Senators
and Congressmen in the United States, to journalist and adoptive parents,
everyone seemed to know that there were "irregularities" in adoptions from
Ethiopia, yet it was only in 2014 that any action was taken. Concerns about
adoption fraud have been raised and some receiving nations, such as
Australia, have placed a moratorium of adoptions from Ethiopia. The US which
has been called an "adoption nation", continues to accept Ethiopian
adoptions, but has passed an adoption legislation, Intercountry Adoption
Universal Accreditation Act (UAA), takes effect in July, to prevent adoption
fraud. In Ethiopia, the business of selling Ethiopia's children continues
unabated.
Kathryn Joyce wrote about the children who had been brought to the United
States under questionable and fraudulent circumstances. She said:
".Adoptive parents in the U.S. began to complain that when their children
learned enough English to communicate, they talked about having other
families; birth parents declared dead on adoption paperwork were sometimes
alive; additional siblings might exist; children said to have been conceived
from stranger rapes were in fact born to married couples. On some adoptees'
paperwork birth parents were simultaneously declared dead and unknown.
Ethiopia's government found that some children's paperwork had been doctored
to list children who had been relinquished by living parents as orphans. The
thousands of Ethiopian children adopted by families in the U.S. and Europe
over the last decade will grow up one day. They'll learn about the
circumstances around adoption from Ethiopia in earlier years and will want
to find out the truth of their background."
Unfortunately, the recent report by Dan Rather shows that they do indeed
grow up, but will it not be too late for them? Being removed from their own
countries, losing ties to their families permanently, living outside of the
cultural traditions and customs of their own people, trying to fit in in a
country and families they know nothing about etc. etc. is tantamount to
child abuse and an emotional time bomb waiting to explode.
So who is minding Ethiopia's children, societies most vulnerable?
Ethiopia's First Instance Court is the body responsible for approving
international adoptions. Orphans available for international adoption are
identified as such by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, Children
and Youth Affairs Office (MOLSA). Investigative reports by various entities
show a pattern of "crippling corruption", "inefficiency", and "lack of
transparency" within the regime. The regime knowingly allowed questionable
adoptions to continue instead of shutting down and cleaning up the rot in
its adoption industry that was putting Ethiopia's children at risk. The
regime was more interested in maintaining the status quo than risk losing
its new found lucrative source of foreign currency.
Karen Smith Rotabi, a professor at Virginia Commonwealth University who
studies global adoption, in her article "From Guatemala to Ethiopia: Shifts
in Intercountry Adoption Leaves Ethiopia Vulnerable for Child Sales and
Other Unethical Practices"
<http://stesfamariam.com/2014/12/20/ethiopia-selling-children-the-regimes-lu
crative-industry/#_edn9> [9], illustrates how easy it is to get children
from Ethiopia:
".The system is relatively expedient. national oversight of foreign adoption
agency practices is relatively lax . is relatively inexpensive within
intercountry adoption programs and agencies even use this as a selling point
for potential adoptive families.Ethiopia has not ratified the Hague
Convention and, as a result, agreed upon international monitoring systems
preventing child sales and thefts are not implemented. This means that US
agencies which are not Hague-accredited may continue to operate in this
nation-including those that have actually been denied Hague accreditation
due to their failure to demonstrate capacity to engage in Hague-practices
(internationally agreed upon child welfare standards)."
Children are vulnerable in Ethiopia because the government is unwilling to
stop unscrupulous adoption agencies who have shifted their activities from
other nations to Ethiopia to take advantage of the corrupt system. They can
carry on with their fraudulent practices in Ethiopia, even if they are
banned elsewhere. Karen Smith Rotabi offers an example:
One such agency, the Florida-based Celebrate Children International, was
denied accreditation and their practices related to Guatemalan adoptions
have been documented in numerous complaints to the child placement licensing
authority of the State of Florida (the Department of Family Services [DFS]),
indicating serious concerns as about ethics and general practices as voiced
by their own consumers/placement families. A recent request of Florida DFS
for records related to complaints indicated that there are well over a
thousand pages of documents related to complaints and the allegations
include alarming recounts of dishonesty. However, the agency now reports
having a strong program in Ethiopia including humanitarian aid. how long
will it take and how many abuses of children's rights will occur before
appropriate action is taken."
A "48 Hours" investigation
<http://stesfamariam.com/2014/12/20/ethiopia-selling-children-the-regimes-lu
crative-industry/#_edn10> [10] explored the controversial world of
international adoptions, in which some overseas facilitators walk a fine
line between adoptions and child trafficking. Celebrate Children
International is featured in the story.
While UNICEF urged closing of adoptions in other countries, for some reason,
Ethiopia's is being allowed to flourish and the adoption racket in Ethiopia
is booming. The regime and its cadres seem to have found a lucrative sector
to exploit. According to adoption investigators:
".the U.S. Embassy began urging the Ethiopian government to de-license at
least half of those 70 adoption agencies, including-for the U.S.-the ones
that had not received Hague accreditation by the U.S. State Department.
Ultimately, the Ethiopian government did not suspend adoption and instead
decided to review all of the agencies. But by September 2008, it was
clear-to the Embassy's frustration-that troubled agencies would stay
licensed, even those that had apparently lied about the children's origins,
failed to keep records on children's backgrounds, changed children's ages to
make them more "adoptable," shuffled children from one part of the country
to another so their families couldn't be traced, and so on."
Alisa Bivens, a former foreign program director of International Adoption
Guides Inc. (IAG), an adoption agency, pleaded guilty to conspiring with
others to defraud the United States by paying bribes and submitting
fraudulent documents to the State Department for adoptions from Ethiopia.
According to August 6, 2014 Department of Justice Press Release:
"..Bivens also admitted that she and others paid bribes to two Ethiopian
officials so that those officials would help with the fraudulent adoptions.
The first of these two foreign officials, an audiologist and teacher at a
government school, accepted money and other valuables in exchange for
providing non-public medical information and social history information for
potential adoptees to the conspirators. The second foreign official, the
head of a regional ministry for women's and children's affairs, received
money and all-expenses-paid travel in exchange for approving IAG's
applications for intercountry adoptions and for ignoring IAG's failure to
maintain a properly licensed adoption facility."
This is but one such case, there are no doubt many more, but the Ethiopian
regime's cadres who are responsible for the children are themselves involved
in the adoption schemes, who protects Ethiopia's children?
Frank Ligtvoet, a father and writer on adoption and diversity issues;
founder, Adoptive Families With Children of African Heritage and Their
Friends says:
".To solve the 'orphan crisis' bigger and probably more economically painful
measures have to be taken. Secondly the US has to do its work in a Foreign
Affairs context. Third it must focus on the psychological aspect of
adoption. If you were adopted from Ethiopia and at a certain point in life
you would understand that your existence in the US depended on cheating out
your first parents by a system that was supported and condoned by your by
now home country, how would you feel about that country, your adoptive
parents, the adoption industry? How would you feel about yourself and who
you are.?"
Those who continue to adopt children from Ethiopia using shady agencies and
fraudulent means are as complicit in the fleecing of poor Ethiopian
families, as the minority regime that refuses to protect its own citizens,
and some US government officials that choose to look the other way.
Who will listen to the children's whimper?
Who will hear their lonesome cries?
Who is there to comfort the many defrauded families?
Who will protect the human rights of Ethiopia's most vulnerable?
>From where I sit, as an Eritrean American mother of three beautiful
children, I am proud of the people of Eritrea who chose to keep their
orphaned children close, at home. To take care of them, to ensure that they
maintain their cultures and traditions, and most importantly, their dignity.
I applaud the government of Eritrea for its visionary and strict adoption
rules for not succumbing to pressure. Very few families have been allowed to
adopt and take children out of the country. For the most part, Eritrea's war
orphans have been reunited with relatives, or placed in group homes.
Safeguarding the growth and development of orphans and providing them with a
family environment, promotes sound emotional and physical development of
orphaned children.
A government that seeks to protect and defend its most vulnerable citizens,
the children, is one that respects the human rights of its people.In
Eritrea , human dignity, human development and human security of the people
defines human rights
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