Do African nations need a constitution for development?
http://www.madote.com/2014/06/do-african-nations-need-constitution.html
*Do African nations need a constitution for development?*
*Confucius, said “The strength of a nation is derived from the integrity of
its homes.”* Clearly there is wrong perception among some of citizens that
every single Developed countries retained a constitution in their society.
However, there are several developed countries who have paved the roadways
for building their nations and also liberating their people from abject
poverty, illiteracy, poor economy, and ravaged diseases without
constituting constitutions. These developed countries what they do retained
in their society is uncodified constitution. The uncodified constitution is
a type of constitution where the fundamental rules of government take the
form of *customs, Basic Laws, usage, precedent* and *variety of statutes *
and* legal instruments.* Israel, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom,
Northern Ireland, San Marino, and Canada. Although Canada has Constitution
Act, the important aspect of the constitution are uncodified. The preamble
to the constitution of Canada declares that the constitution is to be
similar in principle to that of the United Kingdom. The World Factbook
brilliantly illustrate facts about developed and developing countries. For
example, these two developed countries (below) have done remarkable work in
setting forth the apparatus of foundations for eradicating poverty,
eradicating illiteracy, eradicating rampant diseases, and building all the
institution’s fabrics of their society.
CanadaIsraelTotal area: 9,984,670 sq. kmTotal area: 20,770 sq. Km Total
population: 34,834, 841 (July 2014 est.) Total population: 7,821,850
(July 2014 est.) Dead Rate: 8.31 deaths/ 1,000 pop. (2014 est.) Dead Rate:
5.54 Deaths/ 1,000 pop. (2014 est.)Maternal Mortality rate: 12 deaths/
100,000 live birth (est. 2010) Maternal Mortality rate: 7 deaths/ 100,000
live birth (2010) Life expectancy birth: 81.67 yearsLife expectancy birth:
81.28 years Physician density: 2.07 physicians/ 1,000 pop. (est. 2010)
Physician
density: 3.11 physicians/1,000 pop. (2011)Drinking water source:
ImprovedDrinking
water source: Improved Urban: 100 % of pop. Rural: 99% of pop. Urban:
100% of pop. Rural: 100% of pop HIV/AIDS-adult prevalence rate: 0.3% (2009
est.) HIV/AIDS-adult prevalence rate: 0.2% (2009 est.) HIV/AIDS-people
living with HIV-AIDS: 68,000 (2009 est.) HIV/AIDS- people living with
HIV-AIDS: 7,500 (2009 est.) LITARCY : total population: 99%
LITERACY-total
population: 97.1 % GPD -Purchasing Power Parity: $1.518 trillion (2013
est.) GPD-Purchasing Power Parity: $273.2 billion (2013 est.) GPD -Per
Capita (PPP): $43,100 (2013 est.) GDP-Per Capita (PPP): $36,200 (2013
est.) Population below poverty line: 9.4% Population below poverty line:
21% Electricity –production: 618.9 billion kWh (2011
est.)Electricity-production:
55.77 billion kWh (2011 est.) Electricity –consumption: 499.9 billion kWh
(2010 est.)Electricity-consumption: 48.73 billion kWh (2010 est.) Telephone
-main line in use: 499.9 billion (2012) Telephone-main line in use:
3.594 million (2012) Telephone-mobile cellular: 26.263 million (2012)
Telephone-mobile
cellular: 9.225 million (2012) Internet hosts: 8.743 million (2012) Internet
hosts: 2.483 million (2012)Internet users: 26.96 million (2009) Internet
users: 4.525 million (2009) Airports: 1,467 (2013) Airports: 47
(2013) Heliports:
26Heliports: 3 (2013) Roadways: 1,042,300 km Roadways: 975 km Railways:
46,552 Km Railways: 18,566 km Source: The World Factbook
The data clearly shows that both Canada and Israel have certainly
eradicated illiteracy, elevated the socioeconomics of their citizens,
availability of water in Urban and Rural area, superb health-care
institutions, and superb infrastructures….
Both of Libya and Egypt, in the 1950s, were the first African nations to
gain independence. Shortly, Ghana in 1957 was the first South of Sahara
country to become independent. Subsequently, about 17 African nations in
1960s gained their independence. Today, a vast majority of African
countries do have some kind forms of democratic institutions and
constitution. Although a majority of African countries have certainly paved
the roadway for democratic elections and constitution in which are seed-bed
in their fabrics of society, unfortunately a vast majority of African
countries have not yet liberated their nations from abject poverty, ravaged
chronic diseases, high illiteracy, rampant corruptions, despicable
nepotism, disputable tribalism, limited infrastructures and health-care
institutions.
The Pan-African movement leaders, such as W.E.B. Dubois, Marcus Garvey,
Henry Sylvester-William, Julius Nyrerer, Kwame Nkrumah, Robert M. Sobuke,
Patrice Lumumba and etc., certainly fought for the liberation of African
nations from colonization, inequality wealth, and ravaged diseases….These
notably leaders did not shed their bloods for the broken-tools of
democratic election and constitution before setting up the fundamental
grass roots of institutions of fabrics inside their fragile society. For
example, during the colonization era in Africa, virtually there were no
infrastructures built in almost all countries except for few.
*An American’s proverb, “Do not put the cart before the horse.”* It means
that the horse is the primary engine not the cart. Unfortunately, a
majority African nations after post-independent have primarily focused on
democratic institutions and constitution before forging on building their
nation’s institution: infrastructure, health-care, primary-secondary
educations, and universities. Apparently, building nation should have been
the primary engine that it should be installed in the fabric’s society of
African nations before anything else.
*So, why are majority of African nations are muted in eradicating poverty,
eradicating disease, eradicating illiteracy, and limited health-care
institutions?* The answer lies in the institutional formality of governing
their intricate society. A majority institutions of African governments are
infested with division of tribalism, no accountability, and individual
conflict interests. The division of tribalism has been a fundamental
problem for many African nations in their fabrics of society. For
instances, South Sudan which is a new nation that recently received
independence; unfortunately this nation is currently going through
tribalism and individual interests of conflict in its society.
Unfortunately, the South Sudan is going through transitional path of
repeating history in which many African nations have had tribalism’s
conflict in a post-
colonization.
*What are the solutions for the persistent chronic problems of African
nations in which are lagging behind in a development of their
society?* Unfortunately,
there are no quick fix solutions for the chronic problems in Africa
nations. However, there are long-terms fundamental solutions that new
African nation should consider them. First and foremost, the African
nations should take holistic approaches in addressing the tribalism’s
division which is the primary coercion to the component fabrics of the
society.
For instances, in Somalia’s case is primarily the division of clans.
Instead of installing variety of social instruments after post-independence
that would tackle the cancerous tribalism and clan conflict in which it was
propagated by the colonizers; the majority African nations hasty formed a
fancy democratic institution and constitutions without real understanding
the fundamental elements of colonialist syndrome which was embedded for
centuries in the fabrics of African
Unfortunately, majority of African nations were not given a lengthy
duration path of eradicating tribalism’s division and inserting
institutional homogenization of fabrics in their society before anchoring
the apparatus of democratic election and constitution. For example, the
world has witnessed the horrific genocide of Rwandans in April 6, 1994.
Rwanda received its independence from Belgium in July 1, 1962. The Rwandans
were not give properly time to set-up transitional path of inserting the
institutional homogenization of fabrics in their society before crafting
hasty government in their fragile society. Unfortunately, history is
repeating itself again with South Sudan people. Indeed, vicious cycle.
*Confucius said, “It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do
not stop.”* There is one nation within African nations which it has taken
holistic approach in inserting the institutional homogenization of fabrics
in its society. The country is Eritrea which is the Gateway of Africa.
Ibrahim Sultan Ali and Woldeab Woldemariam were pioneer leaders before the
birth of Pan-Africanists. These two noble leaders have fought with
foreigners occupiers who had grand ambitious to plant heterogeneous
apparatus of fabrics inside Eritrean’s society. The ancestral leaders of
Eritrea had continuously fought invaders in the coast of Red Sea since
reign of Aulis Empire. Therefore, history clearly depicted that for several
centuries the invaders had continuously failed to ‘dived and conquer’ by
introducing tribalism inside the fabrics of Eritrean society.
Apparently, the government and the people of Eritrea clearly have taken the
legacy footprints of their ancestral leaders in preserving their homogenous
society. Very noble.The incumbent government and people of Eritrea, despite
of frequently unjust sanctions and with warmonger Ethiopian government
neighbor, have taken prudent action in inserting fundamental grass-roots
apparatus of building their nation in all sectors. Instead of fancy and
futile democratic institutions, the Eritrean government and the people of
Eritrea has chosen a transitional path of embarking on fundamental tools in
building a homogenization of fabrics within its all nine tribes after
independence. A brilliant approach.
For instances, the Sawa of Eritrea was established in early 1990’s after
Eritrea received its independence. Then, the people of Eritrea and
government knew right away that transitional path was the necessary
approach because all different tribes must converged into one place: Sawa.
The conventional Sawa is a habitat for all nine-tribes of Eritrean students
and to finish their last year of secondary schools. At Sawa, the students
have an opportunity to learn and to embrace other customs and religions
beside theirs.
*An American proverb, “You can show new tricks to young puppy but not to an
old dog.”* In Sawa, the young Eritrean students-who have the will and the
ability-could learn to appreciate all the nine-tribes of Eritrea. According
to many graduated Sawans’ testimonies, they are extremely delightful for
the opportunity of being expose to the variety of rosy customs and cultures
at Sawa. Aftermath of Rwandans’ genocide, the government and have developed
social tolerances programs in their society. The tangible results of Sawa,
which has been remarkable and phenomenal institution, has produced
productive young Eritrean citizens who have embraced and assimilated to all
nine-tribes’ customs and religion in society. Because of this brilliant
results by Sawa, several African nations have indicated their interest in
replicating the institution of Sawa in their fabrics’ society. Wonderful!
*Winston Churchill, said “A love for tradition has never weakened a nation
indeed it has strengthened nations in their hour of perils.”* The
government and the people of Eritrea have decided that the essence
components of fabric’s society in building their nation is to follow their
customs, and their traditional laws that have existed since reign of Adulis
Empire. Furthermore, the government and the people of Eritrea certainly
believe that they should crafted their own destinies in which are dictated
by their own people not by aliens. A majority of Americans and Europeans’
tourists who arrived in Eritrea are astonished by the beauty, the serene
environs, coexistence in harmony and love in nine-tribes, sophisticated
roads, universal health-care, and universal educations. Unfortunately, many
Americans and Europeans are bombard with ego-centric journalists who
constantly seeking a quick fortunate in career by writing full-of- lies
about Eritrea. Unfortunately, these immoral journalists, who have utterly
disregard the moral ethics and conventional truths, have never visited
Eritrea before embarking with their bashing words about the government and
the people never met. Indeed, unbelievable!
*An Eritrean proverb, **“The camel keeps marching, while the dogs keep on
barking.” *For instance, Canadian reporter Matthew Mclean was fired from
his post-job. Unfortunately, this opportunistic career reporter has never
visited Eritrea but he found the liberty to bash on Eritrean’s fabric
society as he has seen it with his own naked eyes. The Developed countries
should take holistic approaches instead of ‘Carrots & Sticks’ with Eritrea.
Eritrea and certain Africa nations who are on the verge of righteous path
of eradicating poverty, eradicating illiteracy, and rendering universal
health-care and educations, these countries could be a great alliances to
the Developed countries and International communities. The International
communities must take unprecedented approaches with the warmonger Ethiopian
government who has embarked on disintegrating the components fabrics of
society in Ethiopia. For thousands years, all tribes of Ethiopian have
coexisted each other with harmony and love before the helm of TPLF. The
Developed countries and International Communities have moral responsibility
to stop the Ethiopian government for continuously embarking on campaign for
creating unprecedented humanitarian crisis inside Ethiopia and as well in
the region Horn of Africa. God Bless Eritrea & America & Africa!
Yosef T
Awet N Hafash
Eternal Glory to Our Martyrs
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Received on Wed Jun 11 2014 - 06:31:20 EDT