Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2014 20:38:18 +0100
South Sudan's frontline nuns
Amid the ongoing violence in South Sudan, religious workers have held their
ground and helped protect civilians.
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Jessica Hatcher Last updated: 26 Mar 2014 09:29
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Rumbek, South Sudan - Nuns in South Sudan know a thing or two about war. "We
learned fast with the bullets whistling past our ears," said Sister Barbara
Paleczny, chuckling at the memory of her younger self when she moved here
five years ago.
Paleczny, 70, a teacher with the Rome-based NGO Solidarity with South Sudan,
has lived in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. But it's the
city of Malakal - where civil war has raged in recent months - that she
calls home.
Malakal, an oil town on the banks of the White Nile, has changed hands
between the government and rebel forces several times since December,
according to the missionaries who are there. Each attack and counterattack
has led to fresh atrocities, which the nuns have done their best to prevent.
The sisters have confronted military chiefs about rape, negotiated for
civilian protection amid rocket-propelled grenade fire, and held their
ground when international humanitarians and peacekeepers left.
South Sudan's frontline nuns - mostly Europeans and Americans - can dig a
foxhole and distinguish a loaded Antonov bomber from an unloaded one based
on its engine noise alone. They are agile, witty and plain-clothed - wearing
a nun's habit in South Sudan's sultry climate wouldn't work.
Coptic Christianity reached ancient Nubia in the second century but 500
years later came under pressure from Islam. Christian missionaries who
arrived in the latter half of the 19th century were beaten and tortured,
imprisoned, and forced to marry. They battled famine and plague as nurses
and undertakers, and fought prostitution and slavery. Fifty-years ago, the
Sudanese government expelled them. When independence was granted to the
predominantly Christian south in 2011, the missionaries pinned their hopes
on a lasting peace.
'We stayed through all the battles'
But two-and-a-half years later, their hopes are smashed. A split within
South Sudan's ruling party boiled over into armed conflict shortly before
Christmas 2013. The war pits rebels loyal to former Vice President Riek
Machar against President Salva Kiir. Experts agree that civilians have borne
the brunt of the crisis - at least 10,000 people are believed to be dead.
Rebels recapture South Sudan oil town
Paleczny described how for last Christmas Day, December 25, her colleague,
an Irish woman named Sister Betty, had been saving homemade plum pudding for
lunch. But the nuns were forced to spend the day hiding in a cupboard in the
church as artillery and mortars rocked the ground around them. "It was like
a heavy thunderstorm with rain as bullets, and thunder as mortars and bombs.
The house shook," Paleczny said.
In the late afternoon, there was a lull in the fighting. The sisters stole
out of the church's windowless closet and made it to the kitchen. They put
the pudding on to cook - but no sooner had they set it alight with flaming
whiskey and eaten it than the artillery began again.
Paleczny had survived a number of attacks on Malakal before the recent
outbreak of violence. "We stayed through all the battles when the NGOs
cleared out," she said. While the nuns carried on with their business -
improving education, healthcare, journalism, agriculture - the NGOs
sometimes took months to return.
Religious workers in South Sudan have weathered the war. One Italian priest,
who asked to remain anonymous, has continued his pastoral work in the field
despite the civil war. When the government advanced on rebel leader Machar's
hometown of Leer, kicking off another brutal round of attacks and
counterattacks, the priest's colleagues noticed that he had disappeared.
A few days later, the sturdy, grey-haired, 67-year old appeared in Nyal,
roughly 80km to the south. He had waded through bulrushes on the edge of a
swamp and spent two days in a canoe to get there. After arriving in Nyal, he
set out on foot, walking for three hours a day to make his pre-Easter visit
to some of the remotest communities in the country.
"It gives credibility if you root yourself in and stay with the locals, even
in life-threatening situations," said Klaus Stieglitz, vice chairman of Sign
of Hope, one of the few NGOs with a presence in Nyal. In the past,
international aid workers evacuated during periods of insecurity because of
stringent risk-assessments. Missionaries, however, often remained at their
posts.
Atrocities and nightmares
Recently, Sister Paleczny agreed to leave Malakal. "What can I do for people
hiding in this tiny room?" she asked herself. Soon after leaving Malakal,
she began to have nightmares for the first time in her life. Her mind was
re-enacting atrocities in her dreams.
"Anything I'd heard about, it became real and I saw it at night - the
killings, the atrocities," she said. "Daily quiet time gives a chance for
things inside to surface. People have been so traumatised. We must be aware
that we can have secondary trauma."
Paleczny spent the first two months of this year teaching in Rumbek, a town
yet to be touched by the fighting. Meanwhile, her fellow Sister Elena
Balatti stayed on. Balatti belongs to the Comboni Missionaries, a powerful,
elite unit of church workers whose history in South Sudan
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nearly 200 years.
The Combonis have survived decades of bombing by the Sudanese government,
both during the 20-year civil war and after. Balatti was unfazed even after
hearing rumours that a counterattack by rebels was imminent. In her dispatch
for the Comboni Mission, she wrote that roughly 100 of the town's most
vulnerable people were taking shelter in her church compound - most of them
elderly, disabled or women with young children. Balatti reassured the
displaced people that she would not leave.
South Sudan refugees could face 'catastrophe'
Although a ceasefire agreement was signed in January, the deal is not
reflected by the reality on the ground. On February 18, Balatti reported the
White Army militia - comprised of members of the Nuer ethnic group - arrived
in town.
People trying to escape on a truck were caught in the gunfire, hurling
themselves from the vehicle and running to the church compound. Its walls
provided protection from bullets, but only until 10am when the rebels
breached the compound and started making demands of the sisters.
By evening, there were 30 gunmen in front of the cathedral searching for a
pro-government fighter. One of the men readied his rocket-propelled grenade
launcher and threatened to hit the church. The sisters stood their ground,
doggedly negotiating for the protection of civilians. Early the next
morning, Balatti and the other sisters gathered the civilians and left for
the Presbyterian church, which was being used as a UN base, where they
coordinated a rescue mission for those left behind.
One million displaced
Malakal has been hit by a number of atrocities over the past three months.
Fighters have killed civilians en masse, allegedly raped girls as young as
nine-years old, and reduced hundreds of homes and public buildings to ashes.
On March 19, the rebels announced the government had retaken the town. But
whether they can hold onto it remains to be seen. The government, NGOs, UN
peacekeepers and humanitarian staff are all being stretched to the limit.
Nearly one million people have been displaced. The UN and its partners
issued an appeal for $1.27bn to cope with the deepening humanitarian crisis,
but aid efforts remain critically underfunded.
But Sister Paleczny is eager to get back to work, adamant that she will
never retire and showing no fear of her own mortality. "I'm too old to die
young," she said with a wry smile.
http://www.aljazeera.com/mritems/Images/2014/3/5/2014355216258580_20.jpg
An estimated one million people in South Sudan have been displaced by
fighting in recent months [AFP]
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