East African alliances necessary for U.S. to combat radicalism
by <
http://foreignpolicyblogs.com/author/ddonovan/> Daniel Donovan |
on May 31s,t 2014 |
<
http://foreignpolicyblogs.com/2014/05/30/east-african-alliances-necessary-f
or-u-s-to-combat-radicalism/#comments> 0 comments
Ever since the events unfolded on Sep. 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center
in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., the U.S. has focused
an exorbitant amount of resources to ensure that similar attacks, targeting
Americans, are prevented. This means identifying areas that could become
breeding grounds for future radicals that are capable of perpetrating
attacks against Americans and U.S. allies.
East Africa is morphing into such a breeding ground and its increased
division and volatility should ring warning bells to U.S. security agencies.
Al-Shabab, a extremist Islamic group with close ties to al Qaeda and
designated as a terrorist group by the U.S., is deeply entrenched in
southern Somalia,
<
http://www.cbc.ca/news2/interactives/timeline-al-shabaab/> first taking the
capital, Mogadishu, in 2006. However, recently the African Union Mission in
Somalia ( <
http://amisom-au.org/> AMISOM), a collaborative effort of troops
from Kenya, Uganda and Burundi,
<
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14094632> have struck some devastating
blows to the group. While this has forced al-Shabab to abandon some of its
strongholds, including the southern port city of Kismayo, the center of
al-Shabab's operations, it has also provided them an opportunity to expand
their reach and recruit new soldiers within neighboring countries.
This is particularly true of Kenya, where troops entered the fray in Somalia
as a direct response to Al-Shabab's practice of kidnapping foreigners on
Kenyan soil. However, since joining AMISOM and moving against al-Shabab,
Kenya has payed a steep price for their efforts. In September of 2013, four
gunman entered the
<
http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/04/world/africa/kenya-mall-attack/> Westgate
Mall in Nairobi, killing 67 people and injuring over 200. Then, in May 2014,
two improvised exploding devices (IEDs)
<
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-16/kenya-police-hunt-bombers-after-na
irobi-explosions-leave-10-dead.html> detonated in Nairobi, killing 12 and
injuring 99 more. Both of these attacks have been blamed on al-Shabab, which
continues to extend its reach into Kenya, especially in the coastal city of
Mombasa. President Uhuru Kenyatta vowed to fight the evil of terrorism
following the most recent attack.
To the south of Kenya, parts of Tanzania have begun to show the presence of
radical elements within the fabric of their society, especially on the
island of Zanzibar and in the northern city of Arusha. In Zanzibar,
militants
<
http://www.eturbonews.com/33528/terror-hits-indian-ocean-tourist-island-zan
zibar> have murdered a Catholic priest,
<
http://www.anglicanink.com/article/terror-attack-zanzibar-cathedral>
detonated bombs outside a Cathedral in the capital of Stone Town and thrown
acid on
<
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2423413/Zanzibar-acid-attack-terror
-link-suspected-police-arrest-Al-Shabaab-militants-following-identical-assau
lt.html> two London teenagers, all in the span of one year. All of these
attacks have links to al-Shabab or al-Qaeda. In May 2013,
<
http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/05/20135612629964217.html> a
blast at an Arusha Christian church left two dead and 30 injured. On May 30,
police in
<
http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/32005-16-arrested-over-links-wi
th-al-shabaab-in-arusha> Arusha arrested 16 people, including respectable
business people, that were running underground recruiting operations for
al-Shabab. Twenty-five other suspects have been traced and targeted. This
rise of extremist elements and al-Shabab links within Tanzania is alarming
for a nation that has a track record of peace since its independence in
1961. With contentious elections expected in 2015 as the incumbent party
Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), who has dominated Tanzanian politics since
independence,
<
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/79f4cd34-1ebe-11e3-b80b-00144feab7de.html#axzz33D
DRD7zN> will be heavily challenged by Chadema, the potential for violence
and chaos could rise. This would cause a division in Tanzanian politics,
opening up a window for radical groups to gain a larger foothold in the
country due to uncertainty and contention.
With 250 million Muslims, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has generally been
dominated by tolerant Islamic sects. However, over the last decade,
<
http://www.voanews.com/content/a-13-2005-08-09-voa35/396545.html> a sharp
increase in radicalism has emerged across the continent, with East Africa at
its center. Since these groups tend to pray on the poor and impoverished,
the collective sample in the region is practically endless as corruption,
food security and poverty are an everyday struggle for much of the
population of East Africa. When presented with an opportunity to be a part
of something that promises to offer a better life than their current
reality, young and impoverished African males can be persuaded to join the
ranks. This creates a hotbed of radicalism that is spreading across East
Africa and has the potential to establish a breeding ground for violence and
international terror operations. This is a security issue the U.S. must not
ignore.
While the United States has contributed over
<
http://www.usau.usmission.gov/fact_sheet.html> $ 160 million to AMISOM and
relief efforts in Somalia, this is not enough. In a region dominated by
Chinese economic investment, the U.S. must make a point to shore up its
allegiances with Kenya and Tanzania to combat the rising tide of extremism
that threatens regional and global security. Kenya specifically would most
likely welcome U.S. support, as the government knows that future attacks on
Kenyan citizens must be prevented. On a recent trip to SSA, Secretary of
State John Kerry emphasized the need for the
<
http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2014/05/30/in-africa-u-s-promotes-sec
urity-china-does-business/> U.S. to combat al-Qaeda elements in East Africa,
but this too falls short of effective U.S. security policy in the region.
For the U.S. to ensure that radical elements do not gain more traction in
East Africa they must partner with the countries that share the same agenda
in the region of wiping out radical elements, primarily Tanzania and Kenya.
Who can forget the
<
http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/06/world/africa/africa-embassy-bombings-fast-fac
ts/> 1998 U.S. Embassy attacks in Nairobi and Dar Es Salaam? Since that time
terror organizations have become more creative and more aggressive in their
pursuit of destruction of anything deemed a threat to their long-term
survival. It is because of the potential volatility of these two countries,
the rising tide of radical Islam internally and regionally and the history
of attacks that the U.S. would be wise to shift their focus to Kenya and
Tanzania. By building strong alliances with both countries in both economic
and security spheres, and offering support in combating terrorism locally,
the U.S. can ensure that both nations remain power brokers to battle
terrorist elements in the long-term.
But if these countries are ignored and these elements gain more traction,
then a more direct strategy may be needed in the future, including U.S.
boots on the ground. This is not what America or its citizens want. So for
now, shoring up alliances and helping strike at the rise of radical
terrorism will help prevent future security issues globally. When dealing
with terrorism, it is always better to be proactive and on the offensive
then waiting for something to happen and striking back and the U.S. has two
very capable partners directly in the heart of the fray.
Received on Sat May 31 2014 - 19:18:13 EDT