http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/international/303317-as-ethiopia-heads-toward-crisis-congress-must-act
October 28, 2016, 02:03 pm
As Ethiopia heads toward crisis, Congress must act
By Annie Boyajian, contributor
When Congress adjourned in September, it had failed to vote on
resolutions on Ethiopia (S.Res. 432/H.Res. 861).
When it returns, it should pass them without delay.
Ethiopia, an important security partner and ally, is heading for
crisis. The country is suffering its worst unrest in years in response
to the government's intensifying abuses and restrictions on freedoms,
as documented by Freedom House.
On Oct. 8, for the first time in the ruling government's 25-year
history, a state of emergency was declared. Thousands of people have
since been detained.
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The pending resolutions condemn the killing and arrests of protestors
and journalists by security forces and call on the U.S. government to
review security assistance and democracy strategies for Ethiopia. They
are an important first step in addressing the crisis in Ethiopia, and
a needed pivot from current inaction by the U.S. government.
They should be passed for these reasons.
1. Tensions are worsening.
Unrest began in November 2015, sparked by the government's plan to
expand the capital by seizing land from farmers in Oromia.
This region produces most of the nation's wealth and is home to the
Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group — and one of its most
marginalized.
After security forces brutally responded to peaceful demonstrations,
protests expanded, encompassing abuses and restrictions on freedoms
and the dominance of Tigrayan elites in the country's political and
economic structures.
The ruling political coalition, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary
Democratic Front (EPRDF), is led primarily by members of the Tigray
ethnic group, which comprises about 6 percent of the population.
Ethiopia's constitution commits the EPRDF to uniting Ethiopia's more
than 80 ethnic groups.
Instead, the EPRDF's policies have fueled ethnic divisions and
distributed economic wealth and political power to the Tigrayan
People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and political loyalists.
Following the 2005 elections, when the opposition won a third of the
seats in parliament, the EPRDF clamped down violently, jailing
opposition and enacting laws effectively eliminating independent media
and civil society work on human rights, governance and elections
issues. The EPRDF has continued to consolidate power, "winning" all
547 seats in parliament in 2015.
Before the state of emergency, the situation was already serious. More
than 500 were killed and tens of thousands injured, arrested or
disappeared.
The state of emergency — the full text of which is still not public —
makes tensions worse. It imposes a strict curfew, travel restrictions
on foreign diplomats, limitations on social media, and prohibitions on
protests and opposition-supported television channels.
Security forces are going house-to-house searching for violators.
2. U.S. policy hasn't worked.
The severity of the situation is not disputed, but some policymakers
argue private pressure would be better than public resolutions.
Unfortunately, private pressure for the last decade has yielded few results.
Instead of relaxing restrictions to allow critical voices, Ethiopia
has tightened them.
The Obama administration's shifting positions on Ethiopia have proved
ineffective. The State Department's human rights reports document
intimidation of political opposition, but last year Undersecretary for
Political Affairs Wendy Sherman praised Ethiopia as a democracy with
free and fair elections.
One day later, she clarified that "there are concerns that remain
about whether the election will be free and fair and credible," before
then issuing a fuller clarification stating that Ethiopia "has a long
road to full democracy."
Since then, the State Department has expressed "concern about recent
clashes," called for dialogue with the Oromo community and was
"troubled" by the recent state of emergency, but has remained silent
at other key moments.
The State Department's inconsistency and frequent public silence seem
to embolden the EPRDF.
In September, the government's spokesperson bragged, "We will not hire
any lobbyists to kill the draft resolution. We have many USG officials
that support our government, so we do not need additional lobbyists."
He dismissed the resolutions as "a seasonal flu that comes every now
and then," and said he would "rather US officials not put out
statements about the protests [or] the loss of lives and destruction
of property in connection thereof."
3. Passage of resolutions provides clear direction for U.S. policy.
The resolutions are mild given the severity of the situation.
But they provide key elements currently missing from our Ethiopia
policy: a consistent position on the violence and how to address it;
clear direction for specific actions by the executive branch; and a
call for the Ethiopian government to allow a "full, credible, and
transparent investigation," the results of which can be used to inform
a more robust U.S. response.
The Ethiopian government's current repression is destructive, not only
for the EPRDF, but for Ethiopia's long-term economic growth and
effectiveness as a security partner. In order to thrive, it must
uphold the rights enshrined in its international commitments and its
own constitution.
Passage of these resolutions will send this message and will provide
much-needed direction for addressing the worsening crisis after years
of inaction and inconsistency from the U.S.
Boyajian is advocacy manager at Freedom House.
Received on Sat Oct 29 2016 - 12:38:15 EDT