From: Berhane Habtemariam (Berhane.Habtemariam@gmx.de)
Date: Wed Apr 14 2010 - 17:05:11 EDT
AFRICOM and the Recolonization of Africa-The Legacy of the Berlin Conference
of 1884
by Itai Muchena
http://www.globalresearch.ca/coverStoryPictures/18660.jpg
<http://www.globalresearch.ca> Global Research, April 14, 2010
The hodgepodge of geometric boundaries that today divide Africa into 50 plus
irregular nations under Eurocentric subjugation all started in Berlin,
Germany on November 15, 1884.
The infamous Berlin Conference still remains Africa's greatest undoing in
more ways than one, where colonial powers superimposed their domains on the
African continent and tore apart the social, political and economic fabric
that held the continent together.
By the time independence returned to Africa between 1956 and 1994, the
African realm had acquired a colonial legacy of political fragmentation that
could neither be eliminated nor made to operate wholly independent from the
former colonial masters.
Some Africans had been too much battered, some bruised, some undignified and
others brainwashed so much that up to today, Africa is battling to remain
united due to continued and uncalled for interference, at every opportunity,
by the imperialist hawks.
Today, the same Germany -- the womb that gave birth to colonialism -- is
unashamedly hosting and developing AFRICOM, the United States of America
superior military command formed to superintend on America's milking of
African resources, at the expense of not only Africa but other fair dealing
countries of the world.
There is no doubt that Germany is seeking re-colonisation of Africa, this
time, creating space for its big brother, the United States of America.
The giant military project is not only an affront to African democracy but
an insult to African humanism as it seeks to reverse all the gains brought
about by independence -- from sovereignty to control of natural resources
and self governance.
Africa will not forget that in 1884 at the request of Portugal, German
chancellor Otto Von Bismarck called together the major western powers of the
world to negotiate questions and end confusion over the control of Africa.
Africa itself was not invited because Europe believed Africans had no
meaningful contribution to make towards shaping their own destiny.
Bismarck saw an opportunity to expand Germany's sphere of influence over
Africa and desired to pitch Germany's rivals to struggle with one another
for territorial integrity. Today, current Chancellor Angela Mickel is
playing exactly the same role, pitching America against other economic
powers in a battle to control Africa's strategic natural resources.
Before the Berlin Conference 80 percent of Africa and its natural resources
had remained under traditional and local leadership but thereafter the new
map of the continent was superimposed over the one thousand indigenous
cultures and regions of Africa. Concurrently, Africa's wealth -- as
pronounced by its vast human and natural resource base -- was appropriated
by the colonisers.
As a result, the new countries lacked and still lack rhyme or reason and
divide coherent groups of people and merged together disparate groups that
really did not get along.
All in all, 14 countries were represented: Austria-Hungary, Belgium,
Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal,
Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway (unified from 1814-1905), Turkey, and the
United States of America.
France, Germany, Great Britain, and Portugal were the major players in the
conference, controlling most of colonial Africa at the time.
At the Berlin Conference the European colonial powers scrambled to gain
control over the interior of the continent. The conference lasted until
February 26, 1885 -- a three-month period where colonial powers haggled over
geometric boundaries in the interior of the continent, disregarding the
cultural and linguistic boundaries already established by the indigenous
African populace.
By 1914, the conference participants had fully divided Africa among
themselves into 50 countries.
Great Britain targeted a Cape-to-Cairo collection of colonies and almost
succeeded through its control of Egypt, Sudan (Anglo-Egyptian Sudan),
Uganda, Kenya (British East Africa), South Africa, and Zambia (Southern
Rhodesia), Malawi (Nyasaland), Zimbabwe (Northern Rhodesia), and Botswana.
They also controlled Nigeria and Ghana (Gold Coast).
France took much of western Africa, from Mauritania to Chad (French West
Africa) and Gabon and the Republic of Congo (French Equatorial Africa).
Belgium and King Leopold II controlled the Democratic Republic of Congo
(Belgian Congo) while Portugal took Mozambique in the east and Angola in the
west.
Italy took Somalia (Italian Somaliland) and a portion of Ethiopia while
Germany took Namibia (German Southwest Africa) and Tanzania (German East
Africa). Spain claimed the smallest territory -- Equatorial Guinea (Rio
Muni).
Today, Africa has stood firm against the hosting of AFRICOM and the same
Germany has offered an alternative and will host AFRICOM until 2012, when it
is envisaged the US would have found a suitable base in Africa.
Sadc in particular and the African Union in general, have said no to this
project but the Americans are not resting on their laurels. They are still
working out ways of penetrating African governments in order to get a
strategic African country to host AFRICOM.
The truth, however, remains that once Africa allows the hosting of AFRICOM,
it will have subcontracted all its powers to AFRICOM, to USA and its
exploitative military ventures.
After a review of numerous potential locations for the establishment of
AFRICOM headquarters, US Defence Secretary Robert Gates has elected to keep
the new command in Stuttgart, Germany at least for now, Pentagon officials
say.
"Secretary of Defence Gates decided to delay a decision on the permanent
location of US Africa Command headquarters until early 2012," said Defence
Department spokeswoman Lt. Colonel Elizabeth Hibner, last week.
Until then, AFRICOM'S headquarters will remain in Stuttgart, "the decision
has been delayed until US Africa Command has more experience in working with
partner nation militaries and thus a better understanding of its long-term
operational requirements," wrote Hibner.
After fierce resistance from Africa, which should continue through
experienced leaders like President Mugabe, Hosni Mubarak, Omar al-Bashir,
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo and new but progressive thinking ones like
Jacob Zuma, Bingu waMutharika and Rupiyah Banda, AFRICOM seems to have hit a
brick wall on finding an African host.
"We certainly looked at a number of alternatives," Pentagon spokesman Bryan
Whitman said in a news release. "But at the end of the day, it was
determined that for now, and into the foreseeable future, the best location
was for it to remain in its current headquarters."
In Stuttgart, AFRICOM officials say the focus now is on building up the new
command.
Though it was officially activated on October 1, there has been a steady
stream of speculation worldwide about where AFRICOM would eventually set up
its headquarters. Potential sites have ranged from Charleston, SC, to
Morocco and Monrovia, to other locations in Europe such at Rota, Spain.
"It's become a phenomenon that the discussion of AFRICOM always hinges on
where it's going. Where we're going is here (Stuttgart). What's important
for us is to build the command," said Vince Crawley, AFRICOM spokesman.
"Looking for office space stateside is something that is well-intended, but
something way down the road."
But whether the Pentagon's latest statement on AFRICOM will quell the
speculation remains to be seen. For instance, despite repeated statements
that the initial plan to place AFRICOM headquarters in Africa was shelved,
reports routinely crop up asserting otherwise. The most recent case occurred
a couple weeks ago with Moroccan media outlets reporting that a deal was
struck for AFRICOM to locate its headquarters in the port city of Tantan.
It will be folly for Africa to think that AFRICOM commanders have rested
their case on finding a compliant African country to host them because
keeping the new command in Stuttgart will allow it to gain greater
operational experience and foster relationships with both African and
European partners.
Once AFRICOM moves to African soil, Africa is doomed and finished. It will
have to religiously follow the American exploitation gospel and the founding
fathers of the African revolution will turn and wince in their graves from
anger and disappointment.
Itai Muchena is reading politics at Ohio State University, US.
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