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Who are the Libyan Freedom Fighters and Their Patrons?
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By Kiyul Chung | 16:36 BeiJing Time,Wednesday, March 30, 2011
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Preface
The world is facing a very unpredictable and potentially dangerous situation
in North Africa and the Middle East. What began as a memorable, promising,
relatively nonviolent achievement of New Politics - the Revolutions in
Tunisia and Egypt - has morphed very swiftly into a recrudescence of old
habits: America, already mired in two decade-long wars in Iraq and
Afghanistan, and sporadic air attacks in Yemen and Somalia, now, bombing yet
another Third World Country, in this case Libya.
The initially stated aim of this bombing was to diminish Libyan civilian
casualties. But many, senior figures in Washington, including President
Obama, have indicated that the US is gearing up for a quite different war
for regime change, one that may well be protracted and could also easily
expand beyond Libya.1 If it does expand, the hope for a nonviolent
transition to civilian government in Tunisia and Egypt and other Middle East
nations experiencing political unrest, may be lost to a hard-edged
militarization of government, especially in Egypt. All of us, not just
Egyptians, have a major stake in seeing that that does not happen.
The present article does not attempt to propose solutions or a course of
action for the United States and its allies, or for the people of the Middle
East. It attempts rather to examine the nature of the forces that have
emerged in Libya over the last four decades that are presently being played
out.
To this end I have begun to compile what I call my Libyan Notebook, a
collection of relevant facts that underlie the present crisis. This Notebook
will be judgmental, in that I am biased towards collecting facts that the US
media tend to ignore, facts that are the product in many instances of
investigative reporting that cuts to the heart of power relations, deep
structures, and economic interests in the region including the US, Israel,
and the Arab States as these have played out over the last two decades and
more. But I hope that it will be usefully objective and open-ended,
permitting others to draw diverse conclusions from the same set of facts.2
I wish to begin with two ill-understood topics: I. Who Are the Libyan
Opposition, and II. Where Are the Libyan Rebel Arms Coming From?
I. Who Are the Libyan Opposition
1) Historically:
"If Muammar Al Gaddafi behaved paranoid, it was for good reason. It wasn't
long after he reached the age of 27 and led a small group of junior military
officers in a bloodless coup d'état against Libyan King Idris on September
1, 1969, that threats to his power and life emerged - from monarchists,
Israeli Mossad, Palestinian disaffections, Saudi security, the National
Front for the Salvation of Libya (NFSL), the National Conference for the
Libyan Opposition (NCLO), British intelligence, United States antagonism
and, in 1995, the most serious of all, Al Qaeda-like Libyan Islamic fighting
group, known as Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyyah al-Muqatilah bi-Libya. The Colonel
reacted brutally, by either expelling or killing those he feared were
against him."3
2) National Front for the Salvation of Libya (NFSL)
"With the aim of overthrowing Libyan strongman Muammar Khadafy, Israel and
the U.S. trained anti-Libyan rebels in a number of West and Central African
countries. The Paris-based African Confidential newsletter reported on
January 5th, 1989, that the US and Israel had set up a series of bases in
Chad and other neighboring countries to train 2000 Libyan rebels captured by
the Chad army. The group, called The National Front for the Salvation of
Libya, was based in Chad."4
"US official records indicate that funding for the Chad-based secret war
against Libya also came from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Morocco, Israel and Iraq.
The Saudis, for instance, donated $7m to an opposition group, the National
Front for the Salvation of Libya (also backed by French intelligence and the
CIA). But a plan to assassinate Gadafi and take over the government on 8 May
1984 was crushed. In the following year, the US asked Egypt to invade Libya
and overthrow Gadafi but President Mubarak refused. By the end of 1985, the
Washington Post had exposed the plan after congressional leaders opposing it
wrote in protest to President Reagan."5
"The FNSL [National Front for the Salvation of Libya] was part of the
National Conference for the Libyan Opposition held in London in 2005, and
British resources are being used to support the FNSL and other 'opposition'
in Libya.... The FNSL held its national congress in the USA in July 2007.
Reports of 'atrocities' and civilian deaths are being channeled into the
western press from operations in Washington DC, and the opposition FNSL is
reportedly organizing resistance and military attacks from both inside and
outside Libya."6
3) National Conference for the Libyan Opposition (NCLO),
"The main group leading the insurrection is the National Conference for the
Libyan Opposition which includes the National Front for the Salvation of
Libya (NFSL). The NFSL, which is leading the violence, is a U.S.-sponsored
armed militia of mostly Libyan expatriates and tribes opposed to
al-Qaddafi."7
4) Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyyah al-Muqatilah bi-Libya (Libyan Islamic Fighting
Group, LIFG)
"The LIFG was founded in 1995 by a group of mujahideen veterans who had
fought against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Upon their return to
Libya they grew angry about what they viewed as the corruption and impiety
of the Libyan regime and formed the LIFG to create a state that would show
what they believed to be the true character of the Libyan people.
The most significant LIFG attack was a 1996 attempt to assassinate Gadhafi;
LIFG members led by Wadi al-Shateh threw a bomb underneath his motorcade.
The group also stages guerilla-style attacks against government security
forces from its mountain bases. Although most LIFG members are strictly
dedicated to toppling Gadhafi, intelligence reportedly indicates that some
have joined forces with al-Qaida to wage jihad against Libyan and Western
interests worldwide. ....
As recently as February 2004, then-Director of Central Intelligence George
Tenet testified before the Senate Intelligence Committee that "one of the
most immediate threats [to U.S. security] is from smaller international
Sunni extremist groups that have benefited from al-Qaida links. They include
... the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group."8
"In recent days Libyan officials have distributed security documents giving
the details of Sufiyan al-Koumi, said to be a driver for Osama bin Laden,
and of another militant allegedly involved in an "Islamic emirate" in Derna,
in now-liberated eastern Libya. Koumi, the documents show, was freed in
September 2010 as part of a "reform and repent" initiative organised by Saif
al-Islam, Gaddafi's son....
The LIFG, established in Afghanistan in the 1990s, has assassinated dozens
of Libyan soldiers and policemen. In 2009, to mark Gaddafi's 40 years in
power, it apologised for trying to kill him and agreed to lay down its arms.
MI6 [British Intelligence] has been accused in the past of supporting it.
Six LIFG leaders, still in prison, disavowed their old ways and explained
why fighting Gaddafi no longer constituted "legitimate" jihad. Abdul-Hakim
al-Hasadi, another freed LIFG member, denied the official claims. "Gaddafi
is trying to divide the people," he told al-Jazeera. "He claims that there
is an Islamist emirate in Derna and that I am its emir. He is taking
advantage of the fact that I am a former political prisoner."
Derna is famous as the home of a large number of suicide bombers in Iraq. It
is also deeply hostile to Gaddafi. "Residents of eastern Libya in general,
and Derna in particular, view the Gaddadfa (Gaddafi's tribe) as uneducated,
uncouth interlopers from an inconsequential part of the country who have
'stolen' the right to rule in Libya," US diplomats were told in 2008, in a
cable since released by WikiLeaks.
The last 110 members of the LIFG were freed on 16 February, the day after
the Libyan uprising began. One of those released, Abdulwahab Mohammed Kayed,
is the brother of Abu Yahya Al Libi, one of al Qaida's top propagandists.
Koumi fled Libya and is said to have ended up in Afghanistan working for Bin
Laden. Captured in Pakistan, he was handed over to the US and sent to
Guantánamo Bay in 2002. In 2009 he was sent back to Libya.9 US
counter-terrorist experts have expressed concern that al-Qaida could take
advantage of a political vacuum if Gaddafi is overthrown. But most analysts
say that, although the Islamists' ideology has strong resonance in eastern
Libya, there is no sign that the protests are going to be hijacked by
them.10
Libyan Islamic Fighting Group Members released
"Fierce clashes between [Qadhafi's] security forces and Islamist guerrillas
erupted in Benghazi in September 1995, leaving dozens killed on both sides.
After weeks of intense fighting, the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG)
formally declared its existence in a communiqué calling Qadhafi's government
"an apostate regime that has blasphemed against the faith of God Almighty"
and declaring its overthrow to be "the foremost duty after faith in God."
[3] This and future LIFG communiqués were issued by Libyan Afghans who had
been granted political asylum in Britain.... The involvement of the British
government in the LIFG campaign against Qadhafi remains the subject of
immense controversy. LIFG's next big operation, a failed attempt to
assassinate Qadhafi in February 1996 that killed several of his bodyguards,
was later said to have been financed by British intelligence to the tune of
$160,000, according to ex-MI5 officer David Shayler. [4] While Shayler's
allegations have not been independently confirmed, it is clear that Britain
allowed LIFG to develop a base of logistical support and fundraising on its
soil. At any rate, financing by bin Laden appears to have been much more
important. According to one report, LIFG received up to $50,000 from the
Saudi terrorist mastermind for each of its militants killed on the
battlefield." [2005]11
"Americans, Britons and the French are finding themselves as comrades in
arms with the rebel Islamic Fighting Group, the most radical element in the
Al Qaeda network [to bring down Gaddhafi]. Secretary of State Hillary
Clinton admitted the risks of the unholy alliance in a congressional
hearing, saying that the Libyan opposition is probably more anti-American
than Muammar Gaddhafi. A decade ago, this very same delusion of a
Western-Islamist partnership in Kosovo, Bosnia and Chechnya ended abruptly
in the 9/11 attacks."12
“In an interview with the Italian newspaper Il Sole 24 Ore, Mr al-Hasidi
admitted that he had recruited ‘around 25’ men from the Derna area in
eastern Libya to fight against coalition troops in Iraq. Some of them, he
said, are ‘today are on the front lines in Adjabiya.
Mr al-Hasidi insisted his fighters ‘are patriots and good Muslims, not
terrorists,’ but added that the ‘members of al-Qaeda are also good Muslims
and are fighting against the invader’.
His revelations came even as Idriss Deby Itno, Chad's president, said
al-Qaeda had managed to pillage military arsenals in the Libyan rebel zone
and acquired arms, ‘including surface-to-air missiles, which were then
smuggled into their sanctuaries’.
Mr al-Hasidi admitted he had earlier fought against ‘the foreign invasion’
in Afghanistan, before being ‘captured in 2002 in Peshwar, in Pakistan’. He
was later handed over to the US, and then held in Libya before being
released in 2008.
US and British government sources said Mr al-Hasidi was a member of the
Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, or LIFG, which killed dozens of Libyan troops
in guerrilla attacks around Derna and Benghazi in 1995 and 1996.” (“Libyan
rebel commander admits his fighters have al-Qaeda links,” Daily Telegraph
[London], March 25, 2011)
5) Transitional National Council
"A RIVAL transitional government to the regime of Libyan leader Muammar
Gaddafi looks set to win US and other international support as momentum
builds to oust the longtime dictator.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton confirmed yesterday that the Obama
administration was reaching out to opponents of Colonel Gaddafi. She said
the US was willing to offer ‘any kind of assistance' to remove him from
power.
Protest leaders who have taken control in Libya's eastern cities claim to
have established a transitional "national council" that amounts to rival
rule. They have called on the country's army to join them as they prepare
for an attack on the capital, Tripoli, where the Libyan leader retains
control.
Confident the Libyan leader's 42-year rule was coming to an end, Mrs Clinton
said yesterday: ‘We are just at the beginning of what will follow
Gaddafi.'"13
6) Facebook
"He [Omar El- Hariri, Chief of Armed Forces for the Transitional National
Council] remained under close surveillance by the security forces until Feb.
17, when the revolution started. It was not initiated by prominent figures
of the older generation, he said, but began spontaneously when Tunisia and
Egypt inspired the youth. ‘Children of Facebook!' he declared, in English,
with a broad smile."14
7) Oil
"Libyan rebels in Benghazi said they have created a new national oil company
to replace the corporation controlled by leader Muammar Qaddafi whose assets
were frozen by the United Nations Security Council.
The Transitional National Council released a statement announcing the
decision made at a March 19 meeting to establish the ‘Libyan Oil Company as
supervisory authority on oil production and policies in the country, based
temporarily in Benghazi, and the appointment of an interim director general"
of the company.
The Council also said it "designated the Central Bank of Benghazi as a
monetary authority competent in monetary policies in Libya and the
appointment of a governor to the Central Bank of Libya, with a temporary
headquarters in Benghazi."15
II. Where Are the Libyan Rebel Arms Coming From?
Robert Fisk, "Libya in turmoil: America's secret plan to arm Libya's rebels;
Obama asks Saudis to airlift weapons into Benghazi," Independent, March 7,
2011:
"Desperate to avoid US military involvement in Libya in the event of a
prolonged struggle between the Gaddafi regime and its opponents, the
Americans have asked Saudi Arabia if it can supply weapons to the rebels in
Benghazi. The Saudi Kingdom, already facing a "day of rage" from its 10 per
cent Shia Muslim community on Friday, with a ban on all demonstrations, has
so far failed to respond to Washington's highly classified request, although
King Abdullah personally loathes the Libyan leader, who tried to assassinate
him just over a year ago.
Washington's request is in line with other US military co-operation with the
Saudis. The royal family in Jeddah, which was deeply involved in the Contra
scandal during the Reagan administration, gave immediate support to American
efforts to arm guerrillas fighting the Soviet army in Afghanistan in 1980
....
But the Saudis remain the only US Arab ally strategically placed and capable
of furnishing weapons to the guerrillas of Libya. Their assistance would
allow Washington to disclaim any military involvement in the supply chain -
even though the arms would be American and paid for by the Saudis.
The Saudis have been told that opponents of Gaddafi need anti-tank rockets
and mortars as a first priority to hold off attacks by Gaddafi's armour, and
ground-to-air missiles to shoot down his fighter-bombers.
Supplies could reach Benghazi within 48 hours but they would need to be
delivered to air bases in Libya or to Benghazi airport. If the guerrillas
can then go on to the offensive and assault Gaddafi's strongholds in western
Libya, the political pressure on America and Nato - not least from
Republican members of Congress - to establish a no-fly zone would be
reduced.
US military planners have already made it clear that a zone of this kind
would necessitate US air attacks on Libya's functioning, if seriously
depleted, anti-aircraft missile bases, thus bringing Washington directly
into the war on the side of Gaddafi's opponents.
For several days now, US Awacs surveillance aircraft have been flying around
Libya, making constant contact with Malta air traffic control and requesting
details of Libyan flight patterns, including journeys made in the past 48
hours by Gaddafi's private jet which flew to Jordan and back to Libya just
before the weekend.
Officially, Nato will only describe the presence of American Awacs planes as
part of its post-9/11 Operation Active Endeavour, which has broad reach to
undertake aerial counter-terrorism measures in the Middle East region.
The data from the Awacs is streamed to all Nato countries under the
mission's existing mandate. Now that Gaddafi has been reinstated as a
super-terrorist in the West's lexicon, however, the Nato mission can easily
be used to search for targets of opportunity in Libya if active military
operations are undertaken.
Al Jazeera English television channel last night broadcast recordings made
by American aircraft to Maltese air traffic control, requesting information
about Libyan flights, especially that of Gaddafi's jet.
An American Awacs aircraft, tail number LX-N90442 could be heard contacting
the Malta control tower on Saturday for information about a Libyan
Dassault-Falcon 900 jet 5A-DCN on its way from Amman to Mitiga, Gaddafi's
own VIP airport.
Nato Awacs 07 is heard to say: "Do you have information on an aircraft with
the Squawk 2017 position about 85 miles east of our [sic]?"
Malta air traffic control replies: "Seven, that sounds to be Falcon 900- at
flight level 340, with a destination Mitiga, according to flight plan."
But Saudi Arabia is already facing dangers from a co-ordinated day of
protest by its own Shia Muslim citizens who, emboldened by the Shia uprising
in the neighbouring island of Bahrain, have called for street protests
against the ruling family of al-Saud on Friday.
After pouring troops and security police into the province of Qatif last
week, the Saudis announced a nationwide ban on all public demonstrations.
Shia organisers claim that up to 20,000 protesters plan to demonstrate with
women in the front rows to prevent the Saudi army from opening fire.
If the Saudi government accedes to America's request to send guns and
missiles to Libyan rebels, however, it would be almost impossible for
President Barack Obama to condemn the kingdom for any violence against the
Shias of the north-east provinces.
Thus has the Arab awakening, the demand for democracy in North Africa, the
Shia revolt and the rising against Gaddafi become entangled in the space of
just a few hours with US military priorities in the region. "16
"Libya rebels coordinating with West on air assault," Los Angeles Times,
March 24, 2011
"Reports from the region suggest that the Saudis and Egyptians have been
providing arms. Though U.S. officials could not confirm that, they say it is
plausible."17
"Egypt Said to Arm Libya Rebels," Wall Street Journal, March 17, 2011:
"CAIRO-Egypt's military has begun shipping arms over the border to Libyan
rebels with Washington's knowledge, U.S. and Libyan rebel officials said.
The shipments-mostly small arms such as assault rifles and ammunition-appear
to be the first confirmed case of an outside government arming the rebel
fighters. Those fighters have been losing ground for days in the face of a
steady westward advance by forces loyal to Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi.
The Egyptian shipments are the strongest indication to date that some Arab
countries are heeding Western calls to take a lead in efforts to intervene
on behalf of pro-democracy rebels in their fight against Mr. Gadhafi in
Libya. Washington and other Western countries have long voiced frustration
with Arab states' unwillingness to help resolve crises in their own region,
even as they criticized Western powers for attempting to do so.
The shipments also follow an unusually robust diplomatic response from Arab
states. There have been rare public calls for foreign military intervention
in an Arab country, including a vote by the 23-member Arab League last week
urging the U.N. to impose a no-fly zone over Libya.
The vote provided critical political cover to Western powers wary of
intervening militarily without a broad regional and international mandate.
On Thursday evening, the U.N. Security Council voted on a resolution
endorsing a no-fly zone in Libya and authorizing military action in support
of the rebels.
Within the council, Lebanon took a lead role drafting and circulating the
draft of the resolution, which calls for "all necessary measures" to enforce
a ban on flights over Libya. The United Arab Emirates and Qatar have taken
the lead in offering to participate in enforcing a no-fly zone, according to
U.N. diplomats.
Libyan rebel officials in Benghazi, meanwhile, have praised Qatar from the
first days of the uprising, calling the small Gulf state their staunchest
ally. Qatar has consistently pressed behind the scenes for tough and urgent
international action behind the scenes, these officials said.
Qatari flags fly prominently in rebel-held Benghazi. After pro-Gadhafi
forces retook the town of Ras Lanuf last week, Libyan state TV broadcast
images of food-aid packages bearing the Qatari flag.
The White House has been reluctant to back calls from leaders in Congress
for arming Libya's rebels directly, arguing that the U.S. must first fully
assess who the fighters are and what policies they will pursue if they
succeeded in toppling Col. Gadhafi. U.S. officials believe the opposition
includes some Islamist elements. They fear that Islamist groups hostile to
the U.S. could try to hijack the opposition and take any arms that are
provided.
The Egyptian weapons transfers began ‘a few days ago' and are ongoing,
according to a senior U.S. official. ‘There's no formal U.S. policy or
acknowledgement that this is going on,' said the senior official. But ‘this
is something we have knowledge of.'
Calls to Egypt's foreign ministry and the spokesman for the prime minister
seeking comment went unanswered. There is no means of reaching Egypt's
military for comment. An Egyptian official in Washington said he had no
knowledge of weapon shipments.
The U.S. official also noted that the shipments appeared to come "too
little, too late" to tip the military balance in favor of the rebels, who
have faced an onslaught from Libyan forces backed by tanks, artillery and
aircraft.
"We know the Egyptian military council is helping us, but they can't be so
visible," said Hani Souflakis, a Libyan businessman in Cairo who has been
acting as a rebel liaison with the Egyptian government since the uprising
began.
"Weapons are getting through," said Mr. Souflakis, who says he has regular
contacts with Egyptian officials in Cairo and the rebel leadership in Libya.
"Americans have given the green light to the Egyptians to help. The
Americans don't want to be involved in a direct level, but the Egyptians
wouldn't do it if they didn't get the green light."
Western officials and rebel leaders in Libya said the U.S. has wanted to
avoid being seen as taking a leadership role in any military action against
Mr. Gadhafi after its invasions of Iraq and Afganistan fueled anger and
mistrust with Washington throughout the region.
But the U.S. stated clearly it wants Mr. Gadhafi out of power and has
signaled it would support those offering help to the rebels militarily or
otherwise.
A spokesman for the rebel government in Benghazi said arms shipments have
begun arriving to the rebels but declined to specify where they came from.
"Our military committee is purchasing arms and arming our people. The
weapons are coming, but the nature of the weapons, the amount, where it's
coming from, that has been classified," said the spokesman, Mustafa
al-Gherryani.
The U.S. official said Egypt wanted to keep the shipments covert. In public,
Egypt has sought to maintain a neutral stance toward the rebel uprising in
Libya. Egypt abstained during the Arab League's vote calling for the U.N. to
impose a no-fly zone on Mr. Gadhafi, according to people familiar with the
internal Arab League deliberations.
Hundreds of thousands of Egyptian laborers are believed to still be in
Libya.
On the other hand, the Egyptian military's covert support for the rebels
suggests that it has calculated that Mr. Gadhafi is unlikely to remain in
power, at least in the eastern half of the country, and therefore Egypt is
eager to begin to build good relations with the rebels.
Rebel forces in the past 24 hours appeared to make some progress fending off
pro-Gadhafi forces' assaults and have rolled out new weapons for the first
time since the uprising began last month. Among them are rebel tanks that
have taken up positions on the front lines in recent days. Rebels also
launched fighter-jet attacks on government positions on Wednesday for the
first time so far.
The tanks and fighter jets are believed to have been among the weapons
seized by rebels from defected units of the Libyan army in the eastern half
of the country, but they have received spare parts or trained mechanics from
outside the country to help them deploy them, some rebel officials have
speculated.
-Sam Dagher and Adam Entous contributed to this article.18
Benjamin Gottlieb, "Egypt Arms Libyan Rebels As Gaddafi's Conquest
Continues," NeonTommy Annenberg Digital News, March 17, 2011:
Arms shipments from Egypt's military have begun flowing across the border
into Libya with U.S. knowledge, Libyan rebels and U.S. officials said
Thursday.
Made up mostly of small arms, such as assault rifles and ammunition, the
shipments are the first confirmed reports of an outside government
supporting rebel fighters with weapons. Rebels have been loosing ground for
days against pro-Gaddafi forces aiming to end the conflict before foreign
intervention plans are finalized.
Although the U.N. approved a "no-fly zone" over Libya late Thursday, rebel
forces fear that any planned foreign intervention would be too little to
late.
No-Fly Zone
The shipment of arms indicated an unusually bold response by an Arab nation
intervening in a conflict outside its borders. There have also been rare
public decrees for the West to intervene in the conflict - the Arab League
voted 23-0 last week encouraging the U.N. to impose the "no-fly zone" over
Libya.
In spite of reports of arms flowing across the Egyptian boarder, Egyptian
Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Menha Bakhoum told Reuters that Egypt would not
be involved in any military intervention in neighboring Libya.
"Egypt will not be among those Arab states. We will not be involved in any
military intervention. No intervention period," Bakhoum said.
Bakhoum was responding to comments by U.S. Secretary of State Hillary
Clinton, who said Thursday that discussions were on the table regarding Arab
involvement in U.S. and European intervention in the conflict.
Clinton has said repeatedly that the U.S. desires involvement from a
neighboring Arab nation in any planned intervention.
A Libyan rebel government spokesman in Benghazi, Mustafa al-Gherryani, said
rebels have begun receiving arms shipments from neighboring nations, however
he declined to reveal their origin.
"Our military committee is purchasing arms and arming our people. The
weapons are coming, but the nature of the weapons, the amount, where it's
coming from, that has been classified," he said.19
Yoichi Shimatsu, "Mideast Revolutions and 9-11 Intrigues Created in Qatar,"
New America Media, March 1, 2011
"It may puzzle and perhaps dismay young protesters in Benghazi, Cairo and
Tunisia that their democratic hopes are being manipulated by an
ultra-conservative Arab elite which has underhandedly backed a surge of
militant Islamist radicals across North Africa. Credible U.S. intelligence
reports have cited evidence pointing to Qatar's long-running support for the
Muslim Brotherhood, Al Qaeda and jihadist fighters returning from
Afghanistan.
The links to Qatar uncovered by anti-terrorism investigators in the wake of
9-11 need to be reexamined now that the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group
(LIFG), an on-and-off affiliate of Al Qaeda, has seized armories across half
of the North African country. Libya's well-stocked arsenals contain
high-power explosives, rocket launchers and chemical weapons. LIFG is on the
State Department's terrorist list.
Most worrying, according to a U.S. intelligence official cited by CNN, is
the probable loss of chemical weapons. The Federation of American Scientists
reports that, as of 2008, only 40 percent of Libya's mustard gas was
destroyed in the second round of decommissioning. Chemical canisters along
the Egyptian border were yet to be retrieved and are now presumably in the
hands of armed militants.
After initially letting slip that the earliest Libyan protests were
organized by the LIFG, Al Jazeera quickly changed its line to present a
heavily filtered account portraying the events as ‘peaceful protests'. To
explain away the gunshot deaths of Libyan soldiers during the uprising, the
Qatar-based network presented a bizarre scenario of 150 dead soldiers in
Libya having been executed by their officers for ‘refusing to fight'. The
mysterious officers then miraculously vacated their base disappearing into
thin air while surrounded by angry protesters! Off the record, one American
intelligence analyst called these media claims an ‘absurdity' and suggested
instead the obvious: that the soldiers were gunned down in an armed assault
by war-hardened returned militants from Iraq and Afghanistan....
According to a Congressional Research Service report of January 2008, ‘Some
observers have raised questions about possible support for Al Qaeda by some
Qatari citizens, including members of Qatar's large ruling family. According
to the 9/11 Commission Report, Qatar's Interior Minister provided a safe
haven to 9/11 mastermind Khalid Shaikh Mohammed during the mid-1990s, and
press reports indicate other terrorists may have received financial support
or safe haven in Qatar after September 11, 2001.'
The national security chief, Interior Minister Abdullah bin Khalid al-Thani,
is further mentioned as paying for a 1995 trip by Khalid Shaikh Mohammed ‘to
join the Bosnia jihad.' The report recalls how after the 1993 World Trade
Center bombing, FBI officials "narrowly missed an opportunity to capture"
the suspect in Qatar. ‘Former U.S. officials have since stated their belief
that a high-ranking member of the Qatari government alerted him to the
impending raid, allowing him to flee the country.'"20
Peter Dale Scott, a former Canadian diplomat and English Professor at the
University of California, Berkeley, is the author of Drugs Oil and War, The
Road to 9/11, The War Conspiracy: JFK, 9/11, and the Deep Politics of War.
His most recent book is American War Machine: Deep Politics, the CIA Global
Drug Connection and the Road to Afghanistan. Peter Dale Scott is a Research
Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG).
His most recent book is American War Machine: Deep Politics, the CIA Global
Drug Connection and the Road to Afghanistan.
His website, which contains a wealth of his writings, is here.
Notes
1 “Defense Secretary Gates, who recently warned against any further
protracted US ground war, said on March 23 that the end of military action
in Libya is unknown and could last longer than a few weeks. ‘I think there
are any number of possible outcomes here and no one is in a position to
predict them,’ Gates told reporters in Egypt” (C-Span, March 24, 2011).
2 Interested readers may wish to consult my first exploration, “Googling
‘Revolution’ in North Africa.”
3 Dan Lieberman, “Muammar Al Gaddafi Meets His Own Rebels,”
CounterCurrents.org, March 9, 2011.
4 Joel Bainerman, Inside the Covert Operations of the CIA & Israel's Mossad
(New York: S.P.I. Books, 1994), 14.
5 Richard Keeble, “The Secret War Against Libya,” MediaLens, 2002.
6 "Petroleum and Empire in North Africa. NATO Invasion of Libya Underway,"
By Keith Harmon Snow, 2 March 2011.
7 Ghali Hassan, “U.S. Love Affair with Murderous Dictators and Hate for
Democracy.” Axis of Logic, Mar 17, 2011.
8 Center for Defense Information, “In the Spotlight: The Libyan Islamic
Fighting Group (LIFG),” January 18, 2005
9 Qadhafi was concerned about Al Qaeda terrorism in Libya, and in 1996 Libya
became the first government to place Osama bin Laden on Interpol’s Wanted
List (Rohan Gunaratna, Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror [New York:
Columbia UP, 2002], 142). Thereafter American and Libyan intelligence
collaborated closely for some years against Al Qaeda. Beginning when?
10 Ian Black, “Libya rebels rejects Gaddafi's al-Qaida spin,” Guardian,
March 1, 2011.
11 Gary Gambill, "The Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), Jamestown Foundation,"
Terrorism Monitor, May 5, 2005,; citing Al-Hayat (London), 20 October 1995
[“communiqué”]; "The Shayler affair: The spooks, the Colonel and the jailed
whistle-blower," The Observer (London), 9 August 1998; Jean-Charles Brisard
and Guillaume Dasquié, Ben Laden: La Verite interdite (Bin Ladin: The
Forbidden Truth). Cf. also Annie Machon, Spies, Lies and Whistleblowers:
MI5, MI6 And the Shayler Affair (Book Guild Publishing, 2005) [Shayler].
12 Yoichi Shimatsu, “Attack on Libya: Why Odyssey Dawn Is Doomed,” New
America Media, March 20, 2011.
13 “US reaches out to Libyan insurgents,” The Australian, March 1, 2011,
14 “How a onetime friend to Gadhafi became his rival,” Globe and Mail
[Toronto], March 4, 2011.
15 Libyan Rebel Council in Benghazi Forms Oil Company to Replace Qaddafi’s,”
Bloomberg, March 22, 2011.
16 Robert Fisk, “America's secret plan to arm Libya's rebels,” Independent,
March 7, 2011.
17 “Libya rebels coordinating with West on air assault,” Los Angeles Times,
March 24, 2011.
18 “Egypt Said to Arm Libya Rebels,” Wall Street Journal, March 17, 2011,
19 Benjamin Gottlieb, “Egypt Arms Libyan Rebels As Gaddafi's Conquest
Continues,” NeonTommy Annenberg Digital News, March 17, 2011.
20 Yoichi Shimatsu, “Mideast Revolutions and 9-11 Intrigues Created in
Qatar,” New America Media, March 1, 2011. The al-Thani family’s protection
of Khalid Shaikh Mohammed is confirmed by former CIA officer Robert Baer
(Los Angeles Times, March 23, 2003). Cf. Robert Baer, Sleeping with the
Devil (New York: Crown, 2003); Peter Lance, Triple Cross (New York:
Regan/HarperCollins, 2006), 234-37.
Peter Dale Scott is a frequent contributor to Global Research. Global
Research Articles by Peter Dale Scott
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