webmaster
© Copyright DEHAI-Eritrea OnLine, 1993-2010
All rights reserved
From: Berhane Habtemariam (Berhane.Habtemariam@gmx.de)
Date: Thu Sep 23 2010 - 08:36:40 EDT
Former Ethiopian cadets stranded in Kyrgyzstan
By PETER LEONARD (AP) -
23/09/2010
TOKMOK, Kyrgyzstan - Softly singing along to the wistful strains of
Ethiopian music, Haymanot Tesgaye and his friends are transported back to
their homeland in Africa, far from this Central Asian nation where they have
been stranded for two decades.
Over that time, the men have withstood horrific racial abuse and struggled
to piece together a living - testament to the ways in which lives are
irrevocably changed when empires and regimes crumble.
Tesgaye, once an aspiring fighter pilot, was one of 80 Ethiopian cadets sent
to a Soviet military training facility in the remote republic of Kyrgyzstan
in 1989 to master the art of flying combat aircraft.
"At that time in Ethiopia there was a military government, and because of an
agreement between the Soviet Union and Ethiopia, they used to train pilots
for the country's air force," Tesgaye explained.
Within two years, both the Soviet Union and Ethiopia's Marxist regime had
collapsed, forcing the cadets to think carefully about their options for
their future in a strange and foreign land.
Almost 20 years later, still fearing reprisals back home for the small role
he played in the brutal rule of deposed Marxist leader Mengistu Haile
Mariam, Tesgaye is marooned here - a world away from a family that has grown
older without him.
Some of the Ethiopians found ways to leave in the early days, emigrating or
seeking asylum, while others risked returning home. A few that stayed behind
were murdered.
Only nine of them now remain in Kyrgyzstan and they form a tight-knit group,
meeting often to eat familiar food, sing old songs and reminisce.
Listening to silky, free-flowing Ethiopian jazz, Tesgaye fights back the
tears, overcome with yearning for a real home.
"When I hear this, I lose myself. I am in the air without a compass and I
don't where I am going," Tesgaye said.
"Especially now for us ... I don't have the words to explain this, it's from
here," he said, pointing to his heart.
Some of the Ethiopians eke out a living as taxi drivers in Tokmok, the small
town that once housed the military base.
A model of an Ilyushin-28 bomber still stands on a pedestal by the side of
the main road to remind motorists passing through this sleepy and dusty spot
of its aviation past. But the former training area, just a short walk from
Tesgaye's cramped Soviet-era apartment, is now a desolate waste ground
overrun by weeds and trash.
Kyrgyzstan is a rich blend of diverse ethnic groups, including Uzbeks,
Russians, Koreans, Germans and Meskhetian Turks. But ethnic relations are
often problematic, as best shown by devastating ethnic clashes between
Kyrgyz and minority ethnic Uzbeks earlier this year that claimed hundreds of
lives, mainly among Uzbeks, and forced hundreds of thousands to flee their
homes.
While tensions between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks are a symptom of historic
grievances over land and power, the kind of widespread intolerance that the
Ethiopians and many other African men have had to endure in Kyrgyzstan stems
from incomprehension and ignorance.
Upon first arriving in Tokmok, when Tesgaye and his companions ventured
outside the confines of the garrison, the prevailing reaction was
bewilderment.
"At that time, people in the Soviet Union, in Kyrgyzstan, thought that we
were rich ... and if they met us outside the garrison they wanted to get
something from us," Tesgaye said.
Curiosity soon turned into something harder, however, and when they lost the
protection of their military hosts, attacks and abuse became commonplace.
Tales of abysmal intimidation and violence are told with disarming
lightness, as though they have become so common that their gravity no longer
registers.
Another former cadet, Nassir Dyde, tells of a fellow countrymen called
Haptam who was savagely beaten to death by the relatives of a girlfriend
with whom he had broken up.
"When the police found him they couldn't bring themselves to touch his body,
because of his skin, so they summoned us to take him to the morgue," Dyde
said. "They didn't even want to wash his body down, so we did it ourselves."
Dyde then showed the multiple scars across his own body where he has been
stabbed or beaten.
Tens of thousands of Africans also went to Russia during Soviet times, most
to study at universities. Thousands have stayed, including some more recent
arrivals.
Most stay because they fear for their safety in their home country, for
instance if there is a war, while others stay for economic reasons, said
Valence Maniragena, a native of Rwanda who heads a nongovernmental
organization called Ichumbi, which helps Africans in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Africans face discrimination and abuse in Russia, and some have been killed
in racist attacks, but Maniragena said the situation has improved somewhat
in recent years.
In Uzbekistan, a populous country west of Kyrgyzstan, thousands of Afghans
are experiencing a similar predicament, living in a state of limbo since the
fall of the Soviet-backed regime in Afghanistan in 1992.
While yearning to go abroad, the former Ethiopian cadets have largely
resigned themselves to their fate and some, like Tesgaye, have married local
women and had children.
"When we walked down the street, people driving past used to wind down their
windows to stare or spit at us, but we walked proudly with our child," said
Dilnara Tesgaye, after serving out platefuls of a tangy Ethiopian lentil
dish she learned how to make from her husband.
The cruel irony in the Ethiopians' plight is that hundreds of thousands of
Kyrgyz people forced to travel to Russia in search of work themselves face
frequent verbal and physical abuse at the hands of racists.
Sisay Wondumagnehu, another Ethiopian who came to Tokmok to train to fly the
Soviet-made Mi-8 helicopter, said they have repeatedly tried to seek asylum,
but have failed every time.
"I would like to go another country, but I have no way out, and so here I
am."
Associated Press Writer Irina Titova in St. Petersburg, Russia, contributed
to this report.
Copyright C 2010 The Associated Press.
----[This List to be used for Eritrea Related News Only]----