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From: Biniam Tekle (biniamt@dehai.org)
Date: Thu Jul 07 2011 - 12:20:37 EDT
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-14047670
7 July 2011 Last updated at 12:03 ET
Surgeons carry out first synthetic windpipe transplant
By Michelle Roberts
Health reporter, BBC News, in Stockholm
Scientists in London created an artificial windpipe which was then coated in
stem cells from the patient.
Crucially, the technique does not need a donor, and there is no risk of the
organ being rejected. The surgeons stress a windpipe can also be made within
days.
The 36-year-old cancer patient is doing well a month after the operation.
Professor Paolo Macchiarini from Spain led the pioneering surgery, which
took place at the Karolinska University Hospital.
In an interview with the BBC, he said he now hopes to use the technique to
treat a nine-month-old child in Korea who was born with a malformed windpipe
or trachea.
Professor Macchiarini already has 10 other windpipe transplants under his
belt - most notably the world's first tissue-engineered tracheal transplant
in 2008 on 30-year-old Spanish woman Claudia Costillo - but all required a
donor.
Indistinguishable
The key to the latest technique is modelling a structure or scaffold that is
an exact replica of the patient's own windpipe, removing the need for a
donor organ.
To do this he enlisted the help of UK experts were given 3D scans of the
36-year-old African patient, Andemariam Teklesenbet Beyene. The geology
student currently lives in Iceland where he is studying for a PhD.
Using these images, the scientists at University College London were able to
craft a perfect copy of Mr Beyene's trachea and two main bronchi out of
glass.
They then coated this was then flown to Sweden and soaked in a solution of
stem cells taken from the patient's bone marrow.
After two days, the millions of holes in the porous windpipe had been seeded
with the patient' own tissue.
Dr Alex Seifalian and his team used this fragile structure to create a
replacement for the patient, whose own windpipe was ravaged by an inoperable
tumour.
Despite aggressive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the cancer had grown to
the size of a golf ball and was blocking his breathing. Without a transplant
he would have died.
During a 12-hour operation Professor Macchiarini removed all of the tumour
and the diseased windpipe and replaced it with the tailor-made replica.
The bone marrow cells and lining cells taken from his nose, which were also
implanted during the operation, are able to divide and grow, turning the
inert windpipe scaffold into an organ indistinguishable from a normal
healthy one.
And, importantly, Mr Beyene's body will accept it as its own, meaning he
will not need to take the strong anti-rejection drugs that other transplant
patients have to.
Professor Macchiarini said this was the real breakthrough.
"Thanks to nanotechnology, this new branch of regenerative medicine, we are
now able to produce a custom-made windpipe within two days or one week.
"This is a synthetic windpipe. The beauty of this is you can have it
immediately. There is no delay. This technique does not rely on a human
donation."
He said many other organs could be repaired or replaced in the same way.
A month on from his operation, Mr Beyene is still looking weak, but well.
Sitting up in his hospital bed, he said: "I was very scared, very scared
about the operation. But it was live or die."
He says he is looking forward to getting back to Iceland to finish his
studies and then returning to his home in Eritrea where he will be reunited
with his wife and young family, and meet his new three-month-old child.
He says he is eternally grateful to the medical team that has saved his
life.
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