Global Peace Index has recently released a report on global ranking of
countries according to their dangerousness, a dozen African countries are
among the most affected by war, terrorism and political instability; but
Rwanda is not on the list and is positioned among safe ones.
Since 2007, the Global Peace Index, conducted by the Research Institute of
Economics & Peace, class 153 countries of the safest most dangerous.
Countries affected by civil wars for years, or face regular violence, are
part of the top 10 African countries most dangerous.
The ranking evaluates, among other things, the risk of renewed fighting, the
resurgence of political instability and terrorist threats. Among the top ten
ranked to be dangerous Ethiopia is ranked the Ten (10) on the list.
More than ten years after the war that opposed to Eritrea, Ethiopia still
maintains a tense relationship with the country and conflict: the Ethiopian
government has not fully withdrawn its troops from Badme area, the north,
and attributed to Eritrea, although the International Court of Justice has
precisely defined the borders of both countries.
Ethiopia is also home to separatist movements: the Oromo Liberation Front,
which affects the most populated region of Ethiopia to the southwest and the
birthplace of important natural resources, the National Liberation Front in
the Ogaden, based east on the border with Somalia, has an armed wing, Said
the global peace ranking.
9 - Burundi: political instability
Burundi has experienced a civil war for fifteen years because of opposition
Tutsi and Hutu rebels. Following a cease-fire, the Hutu rebels of the
National Front for the Liberation became a political party. The 2010
elections were fire-proof: the boycott of presidential elections by the
opposition and the return of violence show that the country is still far
from stability.
8 - Zimbabwe: Renewed violence
Zimbabwe has experienced a wave of violence after the disputed presidential
election in 2008: Robert Mugabe and Morgan Tsvangirai, his main rival, both
claimed victory in the first round of elections. The situation has eased in
2009 with the establishment of a system with two-headed as president, Robert
Mugabe and Morgan Tsvangirai as Prime Minister.
In 2010, attempts by the Prime Minister to develop the Constitution have
been sabotaged by the camp of Robert Mugabe. Public meetings were banned,
arbitrary arrests, looting and ransacking, have pushed the country into
violence.
7 - Chad: peaceful relations with neighboring countries
Chad has significantly improved its position by improving relations with
neighboring countries. Several agreements signed between 2009 and 2010 led
to pacify the country. The political situation has also stabilized.
6 - Nigeria: religious war and economic war
The instability still reigns in the center and south of the country where
the reelection of Good luck Jonathan has not changed. Nigeria, the most
populous country in Africa with 155 million inhabitants, is marked by a
religious conflict at the center, near Jos, where the killings of Muslims
and Christians have killed nearly 20,000 people during the last decade.
But religion is not the only reason for conflict and economic needs have led
to the southward migration of landless farmers Christians.
Other economic battle in the Niger Delta in the south: the Nigerian
government is facing a terrorist group, the Movement for the Emancipation of
Niger Delta (MEND), which attacks the facilities and personnel of oil
companies. Kidnappings of expatriates and attacks on oil pipelines are their
predilections, negating attempts Armistice incurred by the State.
5 - Libya: civil war
Following the Arab Spring came in February 2011; Libya has entered into a
civil war. The protests led to the downfall of the authority of Muammar
Gaddafi in the east. Since then, international intervention under the
authority of NATO has still not managed to restore calm in the country.
4 - Central African Republic: an eventful year
New entry in the standings: the Central African Republic. The presidential
elections have created an environment of tension and unrest within the
country. The presence of rebel groups in the border area with Sudan and Chad
is also problematic.
Despite the signing of a peace agreement in 2008, some groups have not
signed the agreement, are still active. In south-east, the troops of the
Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) led by Joseph Kony, continue unabated.
This group is part of the most violent in the world, has expanded
internationally and is present in the DRC and southern Sudan, where he is
engaged in looting and
Abductions of civilians.
3 - Democratic Republic of Congo: Terrorist threats increasingly present
The problems of the Democratic Republic of the Congo residing in these
activities at the border of its territory and the presence of several armed
groups and terrorists in the east. It is mainly in Kivu, in the Great Lakes
region, the situation is more difficult. The origin of the conflict: the
massive influx of refugees after the Rwandan genocide. An improvement is
noted, however, about the tensions between the forces of the national army
(FARDC) and the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) on the
dominance of territory and resources.
The attempt to integrate SPDC to the regular army and the cease-fire of 2008
is ineffective because regularly violated.
To the east, the Allied Democratic Forces-National Army for the Liberation
of Uganda (ADF-NALU), Ugandan rebel movement, is in conflict with the
Congolese government. This group is related to the Shabab Somali
fundamentalist Islamic group linked to al-Qaida.
2 - Sudan: a multitude of conflicts
The situation in Sudan has worsened from 2010. The country suffers from two
years of internal conflict have serious consequences both human and
political. To the west, the conflict in Darfur has killed 300,000 people,
including those due to famine and disease, and 2.7 million displaced since
2003. Peace, signed in 2006 between the government and the rebel Justice and
Equality Movement (JEM), one of the strongest rebel groups, is fragile
because all factions did not sign. The UN presence is still needed.
In the South, thanks to self-determination referendum in 2011, the conflict
in Southern Sudan is in the process of healing. However, the situation in
Abyei, remains uncertain.
1 - Somalia: a generalized civil war for over twenty years
Since 1991, Somalia is facing a civil war difficult, the conflict between
the Transitional Federal Government, supported by the UN, and several groups
of Islamist rebels, some of which are close to al-Qaida.
Unrecognized within the territory of Somalia, the government of Sheikh
Sharif Sheikh Ahmed cannot impose his reforms across the country. The only
piece of territory it controls is part of the capital Mogadishu, the scene
of regular fighting between both sides to maintain control.
Over 1.9 million people or over 20percent of Somalis under the Office of the
United Nations for Refugees (UNHCR) have fled the country controlled by
fear. Stabilizing the country still seems impossible.
Among all the sub-Saharan African countries which experienced wars in the
past 10 years Rwanda have not been ranked among the ten most dangerous
countries.
