Political dialogue is regularly maintained.

On May 31, 2023, the first official visit of Eritrean President Isaias Afwerka to Russia took place. In the Kremlin, Russian President Vladimir Putin held talks with his Eritrean counterpart, during which it was decided to sign a number of intergovernmental agreements, including on the development of trade and economic ties.

Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki met with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov on September 21, 2011 in New York (USA).

On January 26, 2023, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov visited Eritrea, where he was received by the country's President Isaias Afwerki.

Lavrov also met with Foreign Minister Osman Saleh. This visit was the first of its kind since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.

Eritrean Foreign Ministers have repeatedly visited Russia, and also had contacts with the Russian Foreign Minister "on the sidelines" of international forums. On April 14, 2005, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov held talks with Eritrean Foreign Minister Ali Said Abdellah, who was in Moscow on a working visit. On February 17, 2014, Lavrov held talks with Eritrean Foreign Minister Osman Saleh, who arrived in Moscow on a working visit. As a result, a protocol on consultations between the ministries of foreign affairs of the two countries was signed . The next ministerial talks were held on January 30, 2017 in Moscow, on August 31, 2018 in Sochi , on April 27, 2022 in Moscow on September 23, 2022in New York (USA) on the sidelines of the 77th session of the UN General Assembly and on March 22, 2023 in Sochi.

On October 23-24, 2019, Eritrean Foreign Minister Osman Saleh took part in the first Russia-Africa Summit and Economic Forum in Sochi.

Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for the Middle East and Africa, Deputy Foreign Minister of Russia Mikhail Bogdanov was received in 2013 , 2018 and 2022 by the President of Eritrea, Isaias Afwerki, and the head of the country's Foreign Ministry, Osman Saleh. In June 2014, Bogdanov and Saleh held talks during Saleh's visit to Russia. On September 23, 2014, their regular meeting took place in New York on the sidelines of the 69th session of the UN General Assembly.

On April 27-28, 2018, a delegation from the Sverdlovsk region headed by the governor of the region Evgeny Kuyvashev was in Eritrea. As part of the visit, he met with Eritrean President Iayayas Afwerki, Foreign Minister Osman Saleh and other officials.

In February-March 2019, a delegation from the Sverdlovsk Region headed by Deputy Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region Sergey Bidonko visited Eritrea. He held talks with Eritrean Foreign Minister Osman Saleh.

Eritrea develops ties with Crimea. In June 2014, Foreign Minister Osman Saleh was the first high-ranking foreign representative to visit Crimea after the reunification of the peninsula with Russia. In 2018, the delegation of Eritrea participated in the fourth Yalta International Economic Forum (YIEF) and the Forum of Friends of Crimea.

Bilateral trade is growing. The trade turnover between the two countries in 2020 amounted to $0.4 million. In 2021, it reached $9.3 million. Export amounted to 9.2 million dollars, it is based on cereals. Import amounted to 130.8 thousand dollars. It is based on items of clothing and clothing accessories.

In 2022, the trade turnover between Russia and Eritrea amounted to $13.5 million (export: $12.7 million, of which $11.5 million is wheat (27.5 thousand tons); import: $0.776 million).

In January 2023, Russia and Eritrea agreed to establish an interdepartmental consultation mechanism on trade and the economy.

In June 2018, a delegation from the Chelyabinsk Pipe Rolling Plant (ChTPZ) visited Eritrea. The purpose of the visit was to discuss opportunities for cooperation between Russian and Eritrean companies in the supply of ChTPZ products to Asmara, in the development of potash, gold, copper, zinc, oil and gas deposits and the purchase of scrap metal.

Eritrea expresses interest in developing ties with the Ural and Kamaz automobile plants. In 2018, Kamaz delivered 56 cars and five buses to Eritrea worth about $5 million.

It was reported that the GPB (Gazprombank) Global Resources group, which is establishing cooperation in the banking sector, is working in Eritrea. Negotiations are underway to establish a logistics center in one of the ports of Eritrea.

In 1997, an intergovernmental agreement on military-technical cooperation was signed between the two countries.

A cooperation agreement was signed between the ports of Massawa and Sevastopol.

Cultural ties are maintained . Asmara and Yekaterinburg, as well as Massawa and Sevastopol are sister cities.

In November 2009, a monument to the great Russian poet Alexander Pushkin was unveiled on one of the main squares of Asmara.

Eritrea was visited on tour by the ensemble of folk instruments "Izumrud" and soloists of the Sverdlovsk State Academic Theater of Musical Comedy and the Ural Folk Choir, the State Academic Russian Folk Ensemble "Russia" named after. Ludmila Zykina.

Contacts are being developed in the field of education. Since 2015, Russia and Eritrea have restored the training of highly qualified Eritrean personnel in Russian universities. Currently, more than 100 students are studying in various universities in Russia . Russia allocates 22 scholarships for future study groups .

Russia provides humanitarian aid to Asmara. In 2000 and 2003, the Ministry of Emergency Situations sent tents, blankets and food to Eritrea; in 2011, assistance was provided through the Russian contribution to UNICEF to ensure water supply and sanitation in the Horn of Africa.

In March 2021, the Minister of Sports of the Russian Federation decided to provide assistance to Eritrean athletes in the form of sending a batch of the Sputnik V vaccine to Asmara.